Algoritmik Yönetim Sistemlerinin İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Üzerindeki Etkileri: Psikososyal Riskler

Öz

Değişen çalışma koşullarıyla birlikte yaygınlaşan algoritmik yönetim sistemleri, çalışanların “dijital çalışan” olarak yeniden tanımlanmasına yol açan yeni bir çalışma biçimini beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu sistemler, verimlilik ve hız odaklı yapılarıyla iş süreçlerini dönüştürürken, içerdiği hata ve önyargılar nedeniyle çalışanlar açısından önemli psikososyal riskler üretmektedir. Literatürde yer alan çok sayıda çalışma, algoritmik yönetim uygulamalarının çalışanların stres, tükenmişlik ve iş güvencesine ilişkin kaygı düzeylerini artırdığını; bu durumun dolaylı olarak iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları üzerinde de etkili olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmada, algoritmik yönetim sistemlerine ilişkin uluslararası literatür incelenerek söz konusu sistemlerin ortaya çıkardığı riskler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği perspektifinden değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, psikososyal risklerin sistematik biçimde ele alınması gerektiğini ve bu risklerin azaltılmasına yönelik politika geliştirme süreçlerinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca işyeri prosedürlerinin, algoritmik yönetim sistemlerinin doğasına uygun biçimde yeniden yapılandırılması gerekliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışanların yoğun psikososyal risklere maruz kaldığı bu sistemlerde, özellikle tasarım aşamasında iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ilkelerinin entegre edilmesi; daha adil, şeffaf ve katılımcı bir yönetim anlayışının geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algoritmik Yönetim
• İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği
• Psikososyal Riskler
• Dijital Gözetim

The Impact of Algorithmic Management on Occupational Health and Safety: Psychosocial Risks

Öz

Algorithmic management systems, which have become widespread with changing working conditions, are bringing about a new form of work that redefines employees as "digital workers." While these systems transform business processes with their efficiency and speed-oriented structures, they also generate significant psychosocial risks for employees due to the errors and biases they contain. Numerous studies in the literature show that algorithmic management applications increase employees' stress, burnout, and job security anxiety levels; this indirectly affects work accidents and occupational diseases. In this study, the international literature on algorithmic management systems is examined, and the risks posed by these systems are evaluated from an occupational health and safety perspective. The findings highlight the need for a systematic approach to psychosocial risks and the importance of developing policies to mitigate these risks. Furthermore, the necessity of restructuring workplace procedures to be compatible with the nature of algorithmic management systems is emphasized. In these systems, where employees are exposed to significant psychosocial risks, integrating occupational health and safety principles, especially during the design phase, will contribute to the development of a more equitable, transparent, and participatory management approach. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Algorithmic Management
• Occupational Health and Safety
• Psychosocial Risks
• Digital Surveillance

Kaynakça

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