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Sanatta Bir Temsil Biçimi Olarak Büyü

Year 2025, Issue: 19, 113 - 134
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1773622

Abstract

Bu çalışma, sanat tarihinde büyü temasının ikonografik, teolojik ile estetik bağlamlardaki çok katmanlı temsilini incelemektedir. Büyü imgesi, tarih boyunca yalnızca doğaüstü bir inanç sistemi değil; bilgi üretimi, iktidar ilişkileri, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, kültürel çatışmalar ve entelektüel tartışmaların görsel sanat yoluyla ifade bulduğu bir alan olmuştur. Bulgular, antik dönemden modern çağa büyü temsillerinin ruhsal arayışların yanında toplumsal denetim, korku inşası, marjinalleştirme ve direniş pratikleriyle de yakından bağlantılı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Orta Çağ’da büyü ile cadılık özellikle kadın bedeni üzerinden tanımlanmış; ataerkil düzenin korkuları, günah anlayışı ve kontrol mekanizmaları sanatın güçlü ikonografisinde görünür hale gelmiştir. Rönesans ve Barok dönemlerinde büyü, simya, hermetizm, astrolojik bilgi ve alegorik temsil biçimleri aracılığıyla entelektüel bir ifade kazanmış, aynı zamanda estetik deneyimin parçası olmuştur. 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda ise büyü, bilinçdışına yönelen okumalar, ruhsallık arayışları, ezoterik yaklaşımlar ve feminist yorumlar aracılığıyla modern sanatın merkezine taşınmıştır. Çağdaş sanatta büyü, kültürel kimlik, direniş estetiği ve alternatif bilgi biçimleri üzerinden yeniden ele alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak araştırma, büyüsel imgelerin sanat tarihinde estetik, kültürel ile politik boyutlarıyla süreklilik gösteren çok katmanlı bir anlatı sunduğunu vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Aquinas, T. (1947). Summa theologica. Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
  • Baldung Grien, H. (1510). Cadıların şabatı [Witches' sabbath]. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/336235
  • Barstow, A. L. (1994). Witchcraze: a new history of the european witch hunts. Harper Collins. Beuys, J. (1966). Kuyruklu piyano [Grand piano]. https://www.artchive.com/artwork/infiltration-for-piano-joseph-beuys-1966/
  • Beuys, J. (t.y). German sculptor and performance artist. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/beuys-joseph/
  • Bever, E. (2008). The realities of witchcraft and popular magic in early modern europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Blocker, J. (1999). Where is ana mendieta? identity, performativity, and exile. Duke University Press.
  • Britannica. (t.y). Joseph beuys german sculptor and performance artist. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Beuys
  • Codex Gigas (13. yüzyılın başları). Şeytanın İncili [The Devil's Bible]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Gigas#cite_note-16
  • Dürer, A. (1514). Melankoli I. [Melankoli I]. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/336228
  • Federici, S. (2004). Caliban and the witch: women, the body and primitive accumulation. Autonomedia.
  • Georges de la Tour (1638-40). Dumanı tüten alevli magdalen [Smoky flaming magdalen]. https://unframed.lacma.org/2015/04/06/collection-magdalen-smoking-flame
  • Gibson, M. (2006). Witchcraft and society in england and america, 1550–1750. Routledge.
  • Hanegraaff, W. J. (2012). Esotericism and the academy: rejected knowledge in western culture. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hilma af Klint (1906–1907). İlkel kaos, No. 16 [Primordial chaos, No. 16]. https://www.meisterdrucke.com.tr/fine-art-baski/Hilma-af-Klint/1197499/Grup-I%2C-%C4%B0lkel-Kaos%2C-No.-16%2C-The-WURose-Serisinden%2C-1906-1907.html
  • İba, Ş. M. (2020). Büyü ritüelleri ve tılsımların günümüz heykel sanatındaki izleri. Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Kieckhefer, R. (1989). Magic in the middle ages. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kors, A. C. & Peters, E. (2001). Witchcraft in europe, 400–1700: a documentary history. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Kramer, H. & Sprenger, J. (1948). Malleus maleficarum. The Pushkin Press, London.
  • Le Franc, M. (1451). Kadınların şampiyonu [Le Champion des dames]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Champion_des_dames_Vaudoises
  • Levack, B. P. (2006). The witch-hunt in early modern europe. Pearson Education.
  • Mendieta, A. (1976). İsimsiz: silüet serisi [Untitled silhouette series]. https://scma.smith.edu/blog/performed-invisibility-ana-mendietas-siluetas
  • Oktay, G. (2023). Doğada heykelleşen beden: ana mendıeta’nın silüeta serisi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 13(2), 649-659. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3595527
  • Rembrandt (1652). Dr Faust çalışma odasında [Dr Faust in his study]. https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/23964/faust-his-study
  • Rosa, S. (1646). Büyülerinde cadılar [Witches in spells]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salvator_Rosa_(1615-1673)_-_Witches_at_their_Incantations_-_NG6491_-_National_Gallery.jpg
  • Teniers, D. (1635). The younger, cadı sahnesi [Witch scene]. https://www.descubrirelarte.es/2016/06/05/brueghel-el-inventor-de-la-iconografia-de-las-brujas.html
  • Treister Suzanne. (t.y). https://www.suzannetreister.net/info/bio.html
  • Treister, S. (2014). Sihirbaz + kuma kadın ritüel dansı Kuzey Afrika [Magician + Kuma women ritual dance N E Africa]. https://www.suzannetreister.net/HFT_TheGardener/Shaman/HFT_ShamanVisions05.html
  • Tuchman, M. (1986). The spiritual in art: abstract painting 1890–1985. Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
  • van Maële, M. (1911). Cadıların şabatı, [The witches' sabbath]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath
  • Viso, O. (2004). Ana mendieta: earth body, sculpture and performance 1972–1985. Hirshhorn Museum.
  • Wind, E. (1969). Pagan mysteries in the renaissance. W. W. Norton Company.
  • Yates, F. A. (1964). Giordano bruno and the hermetic tradition. University of Chicago Press.

Magic as a Form of Representation in Art

Year 2025, Issue: 19, 113 - 134
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1773622

Abstract

This study explores the multifaceted depiction of the theme of magic within iconographic, theological, and aesthetic contexts throughout art history. Over time, the image of magic has transcended being merely a supernatural belief system, evolving into a domain where knowledge production, power relations, gender roles, cultural conflicts, and intellectual debates are expressed through visual means. The findings demonstrate that representations of magic from antiquity to the modern era are closely linked to spiritual pursuits as well as social control, fear construction, marginalization, and resistance. In the Middle Ages, magic and witchcraft were predominantly associated with the female body, with patriarchal fears, notions of sin, and mechanisms of control becoming visible in the powerful iconography of the period. During the Renaissance and Baroque eras, magic gained an intellectual dimension through alchemy, hermeticism, astrology, and allegorical forms of representation, simultaneously becoming part of aesthetic experience. In the 19th and 20th centuries, magic was repositioned at the heart of modern art through interpretations of the unconscious, spiritual searches, esoteric approaches, and feminist perspectives. In contemporary art, magic has been reconsidered in relation to cultural identity, aesthetics of resistance, and alternative epistemologies. In conclusion, this research emphasizes that magical imagery presents a layered narrative that maintains continuity across its aesthetic, cultural, and political dimensions within the history of art.

References

  • Aquinas, T. (1947). Summa theologica. Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
  • Baldung Grien, H. (1510). Cadıların şabatı [Witches' sabbath]. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/336235
  • Barstow, A. L. (1994). Witchcraze: a new history of the european witch hunts. Harper Collins. Beuys, J. (1966). Kuyruklu piyano [Grand piano]. https://www.artchive.com/artwork/infiltration-for-piano-joseph-beuys-1966/
  • Beuys, J. (t.y). German sculptor and performance artist. https://www.theartstory.org/artist/beuys-joseph/
  • Bever, E. (2008). The realities of witchcraft and popular magic in early modern europe. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Blocker, J. (1999). Where is ana mendieta? identity, performativity, and exile. Duke University Press.
  • Britannica. (t.y). Joseph beuys german sculptor and performance artist. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Joseph-Beuys
  • Codex Gigas (13. yüzyılın başları). Şeytanın İncili [The Devil's Bible]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Gigas#cite_note-16
  • Dürer, A. (1514). Melankoli I. [Melankoli I]. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/336228
  • Federici, S. (2004). Caliban and the witch: women, the body and primitive accumulation. Autonomedia.
  • Georges de la Tour (1638-40). Dumanı tüten alevli magdalen [Smoky flaming magdalen]. https://unframed.lacma.org/2015/04/06/collection-magdalen-smoking-flame
  • Gibson, M. (2006). Witchcraft and society in england and america, 1550–1750. Routledge.
  • Hanegraaff, W. J. (2012). Esotericism and the academy: rejected knowledge in western culture. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hilma af Klint (1906–1907). İlkel kaos, No. 16 [Primordial chaos, No. 16]. https://www.meisterdrucke.com.tr/fine-art-baski/Hilma-af-Klint/1197499/Grup-I%2C-%C4%B0lkel-Kaos%2C-No.-16%2C-The-WURose-Serisinden%2C-1906-1907.html
  • İba, Ş. M. (2020). Büyü ritüelleri ve tılsımların günümüz heykel sanatındaki izleri. Sanatta Yeterlik Tezi, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Kieckhefer, R. (1989). Magic in the middle ages. Cambridge University Press.
  • Kors, A. C. & Peters, E. (2001). Witchcraft in europe, 400–1700: a documentary history. University of Pennsylvania Press.
  • Kramer, H. & Sprenger, J. (1948). Malleus maleficarum. The Pushkin Press, London.
  • Le Franc, M. (1451). Kadınların şampiyonu [Le Champion des dames]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Champion_des_dames_Vaudoises
  • Levack, B. P. (2006). The witch-hunt in early modern europe. Pearson Education.
  • Mendieta, A. (1976). İsimsiz: silüet serisi [Untitled silhouette series]. https://scma.smith.edu/blog/performed-invisibility-ana-mendietas-siluetas
  • Oktay, G. (2023). Doğada heykelleşen beden: ana mendıeta’nın silüeta serisi. Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 13(2), 649-659. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3595527
  • Rembrandt (1652). Dr Faust çalışma odasında [Dr Faust in his study]. https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/23964/faust-his-study
  • Rosa, S. (1646). Büyülerinde cadılar [Witches in spells]. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Salvator_Rosa_(1615-1673)_-_Witches_at_their_Incantations_-_NG6491_-_National_Gallery.jpg
  • Teniers, D. (1635). The younger, cadı sahnesi [Witch scene]. https://www.descubrirelarte.es/2016/06/05/brueghel-el-inventor-de-la-iconografia-de-las-brujas.html
  • Treister Suzanne. (t.y). https://www.suzannetreister.net/info/bio.html
  • Treister, S. (2014). Sihirbaz + kuma kadın ritüel dansı Kuzey Afrika [Magician + Kuma women ritual dance N E Africa]. https://www.suzannetreister.net/HFT_TheGardener/Shaman/HFT_ShamanVisions05.html
  • Tuchman, M. (1986). The spiritual in art: abstract painting 1890–1985. Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
  • van Maële, M. (1911). Cadıların şabatı, [The witches' sabbath]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witches%27_Sabbath
  • Viso, O. (2004). Ana mendieta: earth body, sculpture and performance 1972–1985. Hirshhorn Museum.
  • Wind, E. (1969). Pagan mysteries in the renaissance. W. W. Norton Company.
  • Yates, F. A. (1964). Giordano bruno and the hermetic tradition. University of Chicago Press.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Art Sociology
Journal Section Original Articles
Authors

Ayhan Karameşe 0009-0003-2743-1222

Publication Date October 10, 2025
Submission Date August 28, 2025
Acceptance Date October 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Karameşe, A. (n.d.). Sanatta Bir Temsil Biçimi Olarak Büyü. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(19), 113-134. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1773622