Research Article

Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience

Volume: 11 Number: 4 September 23, 2026

Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience

Abstract

Problematic smartphone use is increasingly common in adolescence and can impair the attention and cognitive control that learning depends on, which makes the emotional processes underlying such use an important target for study. This research examined whether psychological resilience predicts problematic smartphone use in adolescents and tested emotional intelligence and emotion regulation as two parallel mediators of that relationship. Participants were 561 middle school students (286 female, 275 male) in grades 5–8, aged 10–15 years (M = 12.26, SD = 1.27). Using a relational survey design, the data were analyzed with a parallel multiple mediation model. Psychological resilience directly and negatively predicted problematic smartphone use and positively predicted both emotional intelligence and emotion regulation. The two mediators operated in opposite directions: emotional intelligence carried a protective (negative) indirect effect, whereas emotion regulation, contrary to expectations, carried a risk-increasing (positive) indirect effect. These findings suggest that problematic smartphone use should be addressed multidimensionally through emotional processes, and they point in particular to resilience- and emotional-intelligence-based approaches for preventive intervention.

Keywords

Smartphone addiction, psychological resilience, emotional intelligence, emotion regulation, middle school students

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for the study was granted by İstanbul Kültür University Ethics Committee (Approval No. 07.03.2025–33), and all participants provided informed consent for the publication of their data.

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APA
Gündüz, G. F., Momeni Shabanı, S., & Ünal, K. (2026). Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, 11(4), 354-369. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1880252
AMA
1.Gündüz GF, Momeni Shabanı S, Ünal K. Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience. JOLTIDA. 2026;11(4):354-369. doi:10.53850/joltida.1880252
Chicago
Gündüz, Gülten Feryal, Sevil Momeni Shabanı, and Kerim Ünal. 2026. “Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation As Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11 (4): 354-69. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1880252.
EndNote
Gündüz GF, Momeni Shabanı S, Ünal K (September 1, 2026) Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11 4 354–369.
IEEE
[1]G. F. Gündüz, S. Momeni Shabanı, and K. Ünal, “Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience”, JOLTIDA, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 354–369, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.53850/joltida.1880252.
ISNAD
Gündüz, Gülten Feryal - Momeni Shabanı, Sevil - Ünal, Kerim. “Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation As Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age 11/4 (September 1, 2026): 354-369. https://doi.org/10.53850/joltida.1880252.
JAMA
1.Gündüz GF, Momeni Shabanı S, Ünal K. Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience. JOLTIDA. 2026;11:354–369.
MLA
Gündüz, Gülten Feryal, et al. “Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation As Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience”. Journal of Learning and Teaching in Digital Age, vol. 11, no. 4, Sept. 2026, pp. 354-69, doi:10.53850/joltida.1880252.
Vancouver
1.Gülten Feryal Gündüz, Sevil Momeni Shabanı, Kerim Ünal. Emotional Intelligence and Emotion Regulation as Mediators Between Smartphone Addiction and Psychological Resilience. JOLTIDA. 2026 Sep. 1;11(4):354-69. doi:10.53850/joltida.1880252