Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research

Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research aims to publish academic research at national and international level and contribute to science. The journal is an open access journal and aims to provide easy and unlimited access to scientists and readers. The journal aims to publish two issues a year.

Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research (PIAR) is an international refereed journal. Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research covers the publication of articles from the fields of Economics and Administrative Sciences, especially in the fields of Business, Public sector and Management. The journal aims to publish research and theoretical articles in the fields of public and private sector and to make them available to scientists.

AUTHOR GUIDELINES
General Rules
1. Manuscripts written in Turkish and English are published in Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research (PIAR) submitted should include both Turkish "Abstract" and English "Abstract".
2. Writer(s) accept(s) that the manuscript is original, and it has not been sent to another journal to be published and it has not published before.
3. The studies that are requested to be evaluated in the journal should be uploaded via Dergipark (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/piar) in accordance with the conditions stated in the journal writing rules. It is necessary to select the Submit Article button and follow the necessary steps and upload the article and other necessary information and documents to the system.
4. The name-surname, institution, e-mail and ORCID information of the author or authors should be included in all files uploaded to the system. This information about the author or authors is deleted by the journal editor during the evaluation process within the framework of blind review principles.
5. If the article is derived from any thesis or other scientific study, it should be shown in a footnote to the title of the article on the first page of the article.
6. Manuscripts should be submitted as Microsoft Word file (minimum version is Microsoft Office Word 2010)
7. Authors should analyze their manuscripts with similarity programs such as iThenticate or Turnitin and upload the analysis report to the system. Plagiarism rate is expected to be less than 20%.
8. If there are legal reasons that prevent the sharing of data sets, analysis outputs and data used in the analysis in the articles, the documents showing this must be uploaded to the system. The authors agree in advance that the datasets or analysis outputs they upload can be audited.
9. Manuscripts should be maximum 25 (twenty-five) pages including everything.
10. Page layout, A4 size; It should be: Top: 3 cm, Bottom: 3 cm, Left: 2.5 cm, Right: 2.5 cm, Header: 1.25 cm, Footer: 1.25 cm.
11. Palatino Linotype (Times New Roman font, if not installed) font should be used in manuscripts.
12. Copyright Form must be signed by the corresponding author and uploaded to the system.
13. The Editorial Board is entitled to request correction on any form of condition not covered by this directive.

Main Text Writing Rules
1. The first page of the article should be prepared in the following rules in order:
• Title: Its size should be 12 pt, bold, centered, before 12 pt, after 6 pt, the first letter of the words should be capital and maximum of twelve (12) words (APA style).
• Authors’ names: Its size should be 11 pt, centered, 0 pt before and 6 pt after, and title should not be used. The last name must be in capital letters, followed by institution information, e-mail addresses and ORCID numbers. Multiple authors should not be written side by side on the same line.
• Abstract (in Turkish): The text should contain no text carriage indent (size 9 pt, 0 pt before and after, italic, justified), the subject of the study, its purpose, methodology, and notable findings and should contain a minimum of 100 and a maximum of 180 words.
• Key words: (size 9 font, bold, before and after 6 pt spacing) should be written next to the title at least 3 and at most 5.
• JEL Codes: (size 9 point, bold, italic, before and after 6 pt interval) It is obligatory to give JEL codes in studies related to operation and economy.
• Title in English: Its size should be 12 points, bold, centered, only the first letter of the first word should be capital, 0 pt before, 6 pt after.
• Abstract: It should be the same content as the Turkish abstract text without any carriage indent (size 9 pt, 0 pt before and after, italic, justified).
• Keywords: Size (9 point, bold, before and after 6 pt spacing) should be just below the Abstract and the same as Turkish keywords.
• JEL Codes: (size 9 point, bold, italic, before and after 6 nk spacing) Must be given immediately after JEL Codes Keywords.
• If the submitted article is written in English, the order is: Article Name (English) -Author Information- Abstract- Keywords-JEL Codes- Article Name (Turkish) - Abstract (Turkish) - Keywords (Turkish) - JEL Codes.
2. The main text should be 11 pt starting from the INTRODUCTION section including all titles and a single line spacing should be used.
3. The titles in the article should be numbered. All of the main titles must be in capital letters, 11 points, bold, left aligned, before and after 6 pt. In the subtitles, the first letter of each word must be uppercase and the others must be lowercase.
Example:
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT
2.1. The Features of Organizational Support
4. Paragraphs must be 11 pt, justified, 0 and 6 pt before and without line indent.
5. Each of the tables, figures and graphics to be included in the text should be titled so as not to overflow the page margins (if the page margins are smaller than the tables, figures and graphic, the page should be centered) and by giving a heading (numerical) title number.
6. The font size of the text in the table, graphic and figure cannot be less than 9 points and larger than 11 points.
Table headings should be at the top of the table and start in line with the table. Table titles should be created as "Table 1. Title appropriate to the content of the table".
Example
Table 1. Title appropriate to the content of the table
Örgütsel Destek 1-Önemsenme 2-Kurum Toleransı
1.Çalıştığım kurum benim iyiliğime önem verir. ,835 ,87
2.Çalıştığım kurum hedef ve değerlerimi kesinlikle dikkate alır. ,900 ,84

7. Figure and graphic titles should be at the bottom. The references of the tables, figures and graphics to be included in the text should be placed under the tables, figures and graphics in accordance with the in-text reference rules. Source: DPT, 1988: 125
8. Decimal fractions should be separated by commas in the article, the equations used should be numbered and these numbers should be at the far right of the page in parentheses. Equation Editor of MS Word should be used in mathematical expressions and should not be pasted as a picture.
9. Spelling rules should be observed in the text. Turkish Language Association spelling rules apply. For example, since the Turkish Language Association accepts the word “Internet” as a private name, this word should be used in Turkish writings in accordance with the specific name language rules.
10. If there is author in internet references, these references should be listed on the basis of access dates, under the heading “Internet References”, after the references list.

Citation and Footnote Writing Rules
1. In the Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research (PIAR), only the in-text citation system should be used, and the reference system with author surname, date and page numbers should be preferred in citations (Ex: Clegg, 1997: 53).
2. In the references to sources with more than two authors, the surname of the first author and "et al." must be used (Ex: Morgan et al., 1994: 75).
3. If more than one source is used in the same parenthesis, the sources must be separated with a semicolon (;) sign (For example: Hassard and Parker, 1994: 125; Boje, 1996: 146).
4. In the quotations given from the work published by an author in the same year, the quotations should be separated into a and b. (Ex: Kazgan, 2016a: 125; Kazgan, 2016b: 256).
5. Explanations about some issues to be explained in the text can be specified as footnote at the bottom of the page. Footnotes should be numerically justified, single line spacing and 9 points.

References Writing Rules
1. Reference Palatino Linotype, 11 font size, single line spacing should be used and justified.
2. Footnote or endnote should not be preferred in References.
Article examples:
Author Surname, Name. (Year). Article Name. The name of the journal, Volume (Number), Pages.
Single author article in foreign language (other than Turkish):
LeDoux, J. E. (1995). Emotion: Clues from the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 209–235.
Article with two authors written in a foreign language:
Authors should be separated by "&"
Carstensen, L. L. & Mikels, J. A. (2005). At the intersection of emotion and cognition: Aging and the positivity effect. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(2), 117–121

Articles with more than two authors written in a foreign language: previous authors with commas; the last author should be separated by "&"

Anderson, A. K., Christoff, K., Panitz, D., De Rosa, E., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2003). Neural correlates of the automatic processing of threat facial signals. Journal of Neuroscience, 23(1), 5627–5633.

Single author article in Turkish:
Akın, M. (2019). Ürün, Kullanıcı ve Müşteri Odaklı Yaklaşımların Karşılaştırılması. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 6 (1), 35-46.

Articles written in Turkish with two authors: Must be separated with "and"

Sarıkaya, M. ve İrmiş, A. (2015). Geçiş Sürecinde Halk Sektörü Girişimciliği. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(2), 27-36.

Articles with more than two authors written in Turkish: previous authors with commas; the last author should be separated by "and".

Uslu, B., Gür, Ş., Eren, T. ve Özcan, E. (2020). Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yöntemleri ile Bulut Hizmet Sağlayıcı Sıralaması. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 6(1), 20-34.

Book examples:
Author Surname, Name. (Year). Title of the Book. City: Publisher.
The separation of author names is the same as in the article display.
Turkish book with a single author
Saraç, M. (2017). Finans Teorisini Yeniden Düşünmek. İstanbul: İktisat Yayınları.

English book with a single author
Shipley, W. C. (1986). Shipley Institute of Living Scale. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Turkish book with two authors
Can, H. ve Güner S. (1992). Açıklamalı, İçtihatlı Turizm Hukuku ve Mevzuatı. Ankara: Feryal Matbaacılık.

English book with two authors
Carstensen, L. L. & Mikels, J. A. (2005). Book Name. City: Publisher.

Turkish book with more than two authors
Uslu, B., Gür, Ş., Eren, T. ve Özcan, E. (2020). Kitap Adı. Şehir: Yayınevi.


Internet examples
Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı. (1999). VIII. Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı Hazırlık Çalışmaları. URL: http://plan8.dpt.gov.tr/, (Accessed: 02.06.2001).
Kaya, İ. (2009, Aralık 22). Postmodern Marketing / Postmodern Pazarlama. Pazarlama Bi’tanedir. URL: http://pazarlamabitanedir.blogspot.com/2009_12_01_ archive.html, (Accessed: 02.06.2001).

Publication Ethics
Articles submitted for publication in the journal should be prepared in accordance with the rules of research and publication ethics. Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research follows the principles, standards and recommendations of the publication ethics determined by the COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics).

All rights of the articles uploaded to Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research have been transferred to the journal by the authors. A signature and confirmation information-document is not requested from the author for this process. Scientific, content, language, legal and ethical responsibilities of the articles published in the journal belong to the author / authors.

In the articles evaluated within the journal, the responsible (corresponding) author of the relevant study is addressed. The journal does not have to provide information to people other than the corresponding author.

Submission Rules
Submission of articles to Pamukkale University Journal of Business Research (PIAR) is accepted as an application for its publication and all rights of the articles are accepted as transferred to the Journal. In addition, the application fee and referee fee are not collected for the articles. No copyright fee is paid for the articles. All the authors of the article are responsible for the content of the work.

All legal and ethical responsibilities regarding the content of the articles published in the journal belong to their authors. Pamukkale Journal of Business and Information Management has the right to make corrections, to publish or not to publish the articles sent to it.

The submitted articles must not have been under reviewed or accepted for the publication elsewhere. In order for the previously presented papers to be accepted to the evaluation process; It should be stated in the article that the study has been previously presented as a paper and it has been expanded and revised.
Editors and referees evaluate articles objectively. Field editors try to complete their processes by considering the scientific and ethical rules without discriminating the articles they follow.
Referees are required to write their reports in detail and to report from the system within 15 days of accepting the article.

Our journal is in the open access system and no application or publication fee is requested from the authors.