Developping a Guttman Scale to Assess Social Carrying Capacity in Areas of Tourist-Local Interactions

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a scale that assesses social carrying capacity in tourism areas and presents the results within a defined score range. The process was conducted within the framework of the Guttman scale development procedure. The following steps were followed: identification of scale items, construction of scale sections, data collection, validity and reliability analyses, and finally the development of a scoring strategy. In the developed scale, the items were formulated based on theories and concepts frequently associated with social carrying capacity in literature. The data used for validity and reliability analyses were collected through expert opinions obtained from academics who have published on carrying capacity. During the analysis phase, scalogram analysis was employed. For the validity values of the four-section scale, the Coefficient of Reproducibility and Minimum Marginal Reproducibility used in Guttman scales were calculated, while Guttman’s λ2 was used to determine reliability. These values fell within the acceptable range. The developed scale can be applied in areas where tourist–local community interaction occurs leading to the assessment of the level of social carrying capacity.

Keywords

• Sustainable tourism
• Tourist-local community interaction
• Social carrying capacity
• Guttman scale

Turist-Yerel Halk Etkileşiminin Yaşandığı Alanlarda Sosyal Taşıma Kapasitesini Değerlendirmeye Yönelik Bir Guttman Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı turizm alanlarında sosyal taşıma kapasitesini değerlendiren ve sonucunu bir puan aralığı ile gösteren bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Süreç, Guttman ölçek geliştirme prosedürü çerçevesinde yürütülmüştür. Bu süreçte sırasıyla ölçek ifadelerinin belirlenmesi, ölçek bölümlerinin oluşturulması, veri toplama, geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik analizleri ve son olarak puanlama stratejisi adımları izlenmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçekte ifadeler, alan yazında sosyal taşıma kapasitesi ile sıkça ilişkilendirilen teori ve kavramlardan yararlanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada geçerlilik ve güvenirlilik için kullanılan veriler taşıma kapasitesi konusunda yayını olan akademisyenlerden uzman görüşü alınarak toplanmıştır. Analiz aşamasında skalogram analizi yürütülmüştür. Dört bölümden oluşan ölçeğin geçerlilik değerlerinde; Guttman ölçeklerinde kullanılan Üretilebilirlik Katsayısı ve Minimum marjinal tekrarlanabilirlik, güvenirlilik değerinde; Guttman λ2 değerleri belirlenmiştir. Bu değerler istenilen aralıkta sonuçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen ölçek, turist-yerel halk etkileşimin yaşandığı alanlarda kullanılabilecek ve bu sayede sosyal taşıma kapasitesi seviyesi belirlenebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sürdürülebilir turizm
• Turist-yerel halk ilişkisi
• Sosyal taşıma kapasitesi
• Guttman ölçeği

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