AquaCrop Modeli Kullanılarak Ukrayna'nın Yarı Kurak Bölgesinde Kısıtlı Sulamanın Asma Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu çalışma, Ukrayna’nın yarı kurak bölgesinde şaraplık üzüm çeşitleri için kısıtlı sulamanın etkinliğini AquaCrop modeli kullanarak değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. FAO tarafından geliştirilen AquaCrop, bitki verimliliğini toprak–bitki–atmosfer su dengesi temelinde simüle etmektedir. Modelleme sürecinde, büyüme dönemi boyunca agroklimatik koşullar; yaprak alanı örtüsü, transpirasyon aktivitesi, toprak nemi dinamikleri, biyokütle birikimi, su dengesi, verim ve su verimliliği dikkate alınmıştır. Sonuçlar, yaprak alanı oluşumu sırasında ortaya çıkan nem yetersizliğinin verimlilik için temel sınırlayıcı faktör olduğunu göstermiştir. Yaprak örtüsünün gelişimindeki %40’lık yavaşlama, mevsimlik transpirasyonun azalmasına ve biyokütlede %14’lük kayba neden olmuştur. Buna karşılık, stoma kapanmasına bağlı gaz değişimi kısıtlamaları (%7) ve sıcaklık stresinin etkileri (%4) oldukça düşük bulunmuş ve toplam verimlilik dengesinde önemsiz rol oynamıştır. Simülasyon sonuçlarına göre verim 10,7 t/ha olarak belirlenmiş ve hidrotermal dalgalanmalara rağmen verim oluşum mekanizmalarının istikrarı doğrulanmıştır. Yaprak yüzeyinin tam gelişimini sağlamak ve bağların toplam verimliliğini artırmak için sulama yönetiminin özellikle vegetasyonun erken dönemlerinde optimize edilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Asma
• Kısıtlı sulama
• AquaCrop
• Su dengesi
• Biyokütle
• Verim

Assessment of the Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Grapevines in the Semi-Arid Region of Ukraine Using the AquaCrop Model

Öz

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of deficit irrigation for wine grape varieties in the semi-arid region of Ukraine using the AquaCrop model. Developed by the FAO, AquaCrop simulates crop productivity based on the soil–plant–atmosphere water balance. The modeling considered agrometeorological conditions during the growing season, including canopy cover, transpiration activity, soil moisture dynamics, biomass accumulation, water balance, yield, and water productivity. Results demonstrated that moisture deficiency during leaf area formation was the main limiting factor for productivity. A significant slowdown in canopy expansion (40 %) led to reduced seasonal transpiration and a 14 % decrease in biomass. In contrast, limitations in gas exchange due to stomatal closure were minor (7 %), while heat stress effects were negligible (4 %), playing only a minor role in the overall productivity balance. The simulated yield reached 10.7 t/ha, confirming the stability of yield formation mechanisms even under hydrothermal instability. To ensure full leaf area development and enhance vineyard productivity, irrigation management should be optimized with an emphasis on the early stages of grapevine growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grapevine
• Deficit irrigation
• AquaCrop
• Water balance
• Biomass
• Yield

Kaynakça

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