A Critical Perspective on the Anthropology of Education

Yıl 2024, , 222 - 244, 28.12.2024

Yasemin Yeşilbaş Özenç

https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.1571161

Öz

Anthropology is the study of human behavior, biology, cultures, societies and linguistics in the present and past, including past human species. Anthropology and education are increasingly coming together to reflect modern man's tendencies towards consciousness-raising, culture-building and self-reflection. 'Anthropology of Education', which emerged with the combination of these two fields, analyzes the social and cultural dimensions of education and examines in depth how educational policies adapt to cultural differences and how individuals participate in educational processes. However, this field has been criticized because Anthropology has different methodologies, many of its disciplines cannot be adapted to education, and research on Anthropology of Education is limited. According to the findings of this study, which was conducted with a systematic review design from qualitative research methods, it may be more effective in both theoretical and practical terms to examine the adaptability of anthropological principles and methods to education instead of considering Anthropology of Education as a separate discipline. Within the scope of the research, the relationship between anthropology and education is discussed from a holistic perspective in the light of the studies in the literature, the reasons for not considering Anthropology of Education as an independent field are explained and the importance of anthropological approaches in education is presented in a comprehensive manner.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Anthropology, education, Anthropology of Education, culture, multiculturalism

Eğitim Antropolojisine Eleştirel Bir Bakış

Öz

Antropoloji, geçmişteki insan türleri de dahil olmak üzere günümüzde ve geçmişte insan davranışını, biyolojisini, kültürlerini, topluluklarını ve dilbilimini inceleyen bir bilim dalıdır. Antropoloji ve eğitim, modern insanın bilinçlenme, kültür oluşturma ve kendini yansıtma eğilimlerini yansıtacak şekilde gün geçtikçe daha fazla bir araya gelmektedir. Bu iki alanın bir araya gelmesiyle ortaya çıkan ‘Eğitim Antropolojisi’, eğitimin sosyal ve kültürel boyutlarını analiz ederek eğitim politikalarının kültürel farklılıklara nasıl uyum sağladığını ve bireylerin eğitim süreçlerine nasıl katıldığını derinlemesine incelemektedir. Ancak bu alan, Antropolojinin farklı metodolojilere sahip olması, pek çok disiplininin eğitime uyarlanamaması ve Eğitim Antropolojisi üzerine yapılan araştırmaların sınırlı olması nedeniyle eleştirilmektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden sistematik derleme deseniyle gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmanın bulgularına göre, Eğitim Antropolojisini ayrı bir bilim dalı olarak ele almak yerine, antropolojik ilkelerin ve yöntemlerin eğitime uyarlanabilirliği üzerinden incelemek hem teorik hem de pratik anlamda daha etkili olabilir. Araştırma kapsamında, Antropoloji ve eğitim ilişkisi alanyazındaki çalışmalar ışığında bütüncül bir perspektifle ele alınmış, Eğitim Antropolojisinin bağımsız bir alan olarak görülmemesinin gerekçeleri açıklanarak eğitimde antropolojik yaklaşımların önemi kapsamlı bir biçimde sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antropoloji, eğitim, Eğitim Antropolojisi, kültür, çok kültürlülük

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