Parkinson Hastalığında Bilişsel Bozukluğun Bakım Veren Yükü Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Parkinson hastalığı (PH) tremor, rijidite, bradikinezi/akinezi, postural instabilite gibi motor semptomların yanı sıra bilişsel bozukluğu da içeren motor olmayan semptomlara sahiptir. Birçok hasta dil, yürütücü işlevler, bellek, dikkat ve görsel-uzamsal yetenekler gibi çeşitli bilişsel alanlarda zorluk çekmektedir. Bu eksiklikler günlük yaşam aktivitelerini yerine getirmede ve zaman zaman öz bakımda zorluğa neden olacak düzeyde olabilir. Bu nedenle hasta bir bakım verene ihtiyaç duyabilir. Diğer tüm kronik hastalıklarda gösterildiği gibi, bakım verme hem zihinsel hem de fiziksel olarak zorlu bir süreçtir. Türk örnekleminde nonmotor semptomların yaygınlığına dayanan çalışmaların çoğu, bu semptomların sık olduğunu ve hem hastaların hem de bakım verenlerin yaşamlarını olumsuz etkilediğini göstermektedir. Ayrıca bilişsel eksiklik derinleştikçe bakım verenler üzerindeki yük de artmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, PH’nda bilişsel bozukluğu ve bunun bakım veren yükü üzerindeki etkisini literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelemektir. Ayrıca, literatürde PH ve bakım verenler üzerine birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen, bakım veren yükünü artıran bir faktör olarak bilişsel beceriler üzerine yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Bu çalışma, bilişsel işlevler başta olmak üzere bakım veren yüküne katkıda bulunan faktörlere odaklanarak bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmaların gösterdiği gibi, bilişsel düşüş hastanın günlük yaşam aktivitelerine katılma ve öz bakım becerilerini bozmakta ve dolayısıyla hastayı bakım verene bağımlı hale getirmektedir. Bu da bakım verenin daha fazla görev üstlenmesine ve dolayısıyla yükünün artmasına neden olur. Hastalık deneyimi bireysel olduğu kadar sosyal olarak da şekillenir, bu nedenle bakım veren kişinin karşılaştığı yük gibi faktörler hastalığın sosyal etkilerini anlamada kritik bir rol oynar. Dolayısıyla, bakım verenleri olumsuz etkileyen faktörler daha fazla dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Parkinson Hastalığı
• Bilişsel Bozukluk
• Bakım Veren Yükü

The Effect of Cognitive Impairments in Parkinson’s Disease on Caregiver Burden

Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) has motor symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesis, postural instability and nonmotor symptoms including cognitive impairment. Many PD patients struggle in a variety of cognitive domains, including as language, executive functioning, memory, attention, and visuospatial abilities. These deficits may be at a level that causes difficulty in performing activities of daily living and occasionally self-care. For this reason, PD patients may need caregivers. As has been demonstrated in all other chronic diseases, caregiving is a demanding process, both mentally and physically. Most of the studies based on the prevalence of nonmotor symptoms in the Turkish sample show that these symptoms are frequent and negatively affect the lives of both patients and their caregivers. Additionally, as the cognitive deficit deepens, the burden on caregivers increases. The aim of this study was to examine cognitive impairment in PD and its effect on caregiver burden by using the literature review method. In addition, although there are many studies on PD and caregivers in the literature, studies on cognitive abilities as a factor that increases caregiver burden are very limited. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on factors that contribute to caregiver burden, especially cognitive functions. As studies have shown, cognitive decline impairs the ability of the patient to participate in activities of daily living and self-care and thus makes them dependent on the caregiver. This leads to the caregiver taking on more duties and consequently increasing their burden. The experience of disease is shaped socially as well as individually, thus factors such as the burden faced by the caregiver play a critical role in understanding the social effects of the disease. Therefore, factors that negatively affect caregivers must be considered more.

Keywords

• Parkinson’s Disease
• Cognitive Impairment
• Caregiver Burden

Kaynakça

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