Research Article

DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE

Volume: 22 Number: 1 August 6, 2026
TR EN

DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE

Abstract

Since the social studies course includes abstract concepts such as democracy, justice, and freedom, the teaching process involves various challenges. This study aims to determine the difficulties social studies teachers face in teaching abstract concepts and the instructional approaches they adopt to over come them. The study was conducted using the case study design, one of the qualitative research methods. The study group consisted of 28 social studies teachers working in Tokat province. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings were organized under two main themes. The first theme concerns the difficulties experienced in teaching abstract concepts. Teachers reported that they have difficulty in concretizing concepts, students have trouble relating these concepts to daily life, and students' readiness levels are insufficient. Time constraints, lack of instructional materials, and the exam-oriented system were also identified as factors negatively affecting the process. The second theme focuses on instructional approaches to over come these difficulties. It was stated that student-centered methods such as drama, case studies, discussions, and the use of visual materials are effective. In conclusion, the study highlights the necessity of planned and interaction-based approaches in the teaching of abstract concepts.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Amasya University Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee on January 9, 2025, with reference number E-30640013-108.01-237037. Participation was voluntary, personal information was kept confidential, and the data collected were used exclusively for scientific purposes.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Social Studies Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 6, 2026

Submission Date

March 31, 2026

Acceptance Date

April 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 22 Number: 1

APA
Özkaya, S., & Abanoz, G. (2026). DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.17244/eku.1920316
AMA
1.Özkaya S, Abanoz G. DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE. EKU. 2026;22(1). doi:10.17244/eku.1920316
Chicago
Özkaya, Samet, and Gökhan Abanoz. 2026. “DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE”. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.17244/eku.1920316.
EndNote
Özkaya S, Abanoz G (August 1, 2026) DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education 22 1
IEEE
[1]S. Özkaya and G. Abanoz, “DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE”, EKU, vol. 22, no. 1, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.17244/eku.1920316.
ISNAD
Özkaya, Samet - Abanoz, Gökhan. “DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE”. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education 22/1 (August 1, 2026). https://doi.org/10.17244/eku.1920316.
JAMA
1.Özkaya S, Abanoz G. DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE. EKU. 2026;22. doi:10.17244/eku.1920316.
MLA
Özkaya, Samet, and Gökhan Abanoz. “DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE”. Journal of Theory and Practice in Education, vol. 22, no. 1, Aug. 2026, doi:10.17244/eku.1920316.
Vancouver
1.Samet Özkaya, Gökhan Abanoz. DIFFICULTIES EXPERIENCED BY SOCIAL STUDIES TEACHERS IN TEACHING ABSTRACT CONCEPTS AND SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS: THE CASE OF TOKAT PROVINCE. EKU. 2026 Aug. 1;22(1). doi:10.17244/eku.1920316