İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Sayı Hissi Düzeylerinin Scratch Destekli ve Oyun Temelli Tasarlanan Etkinliklerle Geliştirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, ilkokul 2. sınıf öğrencilerinin sayı hissi düzeylerini belirlemek ve bu düzeyi scratch yazılımı destekli ve oyun temelli etkinliklerle geliştirmektir. Araştırma, açımlayıcı sıralı desen ile karma yöntem olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışma grubunun belirlenmesinde ölçüt örnekleme ve kolay ulaşılabilir durum örnekleme yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021–2022 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Türkiye’nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi’nde yer alan bir ilkokulun 2. sınıfında öğrenim gören 14 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Öğrencilere 7 hafta boyunca hazırlanan ders planları çerçevesinde scratch tabanlı etkinlikler ile birlikte oyun temelli etkinlikler uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada, sayı hissi bileşenleri ve öğretim programında yer alan “Sayılar ve İşlemler” öğrenme alanı dikkate alınarak geliştirilen Sayı Hissi Testi (SHT) ön test ve son test olarak uygulanmış, öğrencilerin teste verdikleri yanıtlara göre yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, Wilcoxon işaretli sıralar testi ve betimsel analizle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, ön-test ve son test puanları arasında son test lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olduğunu göstermiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin süreç sonunda kural temelli stratejiler yerine sayı hissi temelli stratejiler kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar scratch destekli ve oyun temelli etkinliklerin öğrencilerin sayı hissi becerilerini geliştirmede etkili olduğunu düşündürmektedir. Bu nedenle sayı hissinin erken yaşlardan itibaren scratch gibi bilgisayar yazılımları ve oyunlar ile geliştirilebileceği önerilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sayı hissi
• scratch
• ilkokul 2. sınıf öğrencileri
• matematik öğretimi

Improving Primary School Students' Number Sense Levels Through Scratch-Supported and Game-Based Activities

Öz

The aim of this research is to determine the number sense levels of second-grade primary school students and to improve these levels with Scratch-supported activities and game-based activities. The research was conducted using a mixed method with an explanatory sequential design. The study group was determined through criterion sampling and convenience sampling and consisted of 14 second grade students studying at a primary school located in the Central Anatolia Region of Türkiye during the spring semester of the 2021-2022 academic year. Scratch-based activities and game-based activities were implemented within the framework of the lesson plans prepared for the students for 7 weeks. In the study, the Number Sense Test (NST), developed by considering the number sense components and the “Numbers and Operations” learning domain included in the curriculum, was administered as a pre-test and post-test, and semi-structured interviews were conducted based on the students' responses to the test. The data obtained were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and descriptive analysis. The findings showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the pre-test and post-test scores in favor of the post-test. Additionally, it was determined that students used number sense-based strategies rather than rule-based strategies at the end of the process. These results suggest that Scratch-supported and game-based activities are effective in developing students' number sense skills. Therefore, it can be recommended that number sense can be developed from an early age using computer software such as Scratch and game-based activities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Number sense
• scratch
• second-grade primary school students
• mathematics teaching

Kaynakça

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