İklim Değişikliği Risk Algısını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi: Sistematik Bir Literatür Taraması ve Çıkarımlar

Öz

İklim değişikliği, son yıllarda bilimsel kanıtların artması ve çevresel etkilerin belirginleşmesiyle küresel ölçekte önemli bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, bireylerin iklim değişikliğini nasıl algıladığını anlamak, bu küresel soruna yönelik tutum ve davranışları şekillendirmede kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Risk algısının öncüllerini belirlemek, bireylerin çevresel tehditleri nasıl değerlendirdiğini ve iklim değişikliğiyle ilgili politika desteği ve uyum stratejilerini geliştirme süreçlerini daha iyi anlamaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Literatürdeki çalışmalar, iklim değişikliği risk algısını etkileyen çeşitli faktörleri incelemiş ve bu faktörlerin açıklama gücünü değerlendirmiştir. Çalışmalar, yalnızca bireylerin bilişsel düzeydeki bilgilerini ve doğrudan deneyimlerini değil, aynı zamanda kişisel etkinlik algısını, bilim insanlarına ve medyaya duyulan güveni, politik ideolojileri, kültürel dünya görüşlerini, dini faktörleri ve mekânsal faktörleri de risk algısının belirleyicileri arasında ele almaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada bilişsel, deneyimsel, sosyo-kültürel ve sosyo-demografik bileşenler olmak üzere dört temel faktörün risk algısının oluşumundaki rolü incelenmiştir. Literatürdeki çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu, iklim değişikliği risk algısının belirleyicilerini farklı kültürel bağlamlarda ve genellikle hane halkı üzerinde incelemiştir. Ancak iklim değişikliğinin olumsuz etkilerinden en fazla etkilenecek gruplar arasında yüksek dağ toplulukları, yerel halklar, çiftçiler, besiciler ve dağcılar gibi özel örneklem grupları bulunmaktadır. Türkiye'nin coğrafi yapısı ve kırılgan ekosistemleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, bu grupların iklim değişikliği risk algılarının incelenmesi, yerel düzeyde etkili uyum ve azaltım politikalarının geliştirilmesi açısından kritik bir önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, Türkiye’de iklim değişikliği risk algısının belirleyicilerinin daha kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesi gerektiğini vurgulamakta ve politika yapıcıların toplumun risk algısını şekillendiren temel faktörleri göz önünde bulundurarak uyum ve azaltım politikalarını geliştirmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İklim Değişikliği
• Risk Algısı
• İklim Politikaları
• Faktörler
• Belirleyiciler

Determinants of Climate Change Risk Perception: A Systematic Literature Review and Policy Implications

Abstract

Climate change has become a significant global issue in recent years, driven by the increasing accumulation of scientific evidence and the growing visibility of its environmental impacts. In this context, understanding how individuals perceive climate change plays a critical role in shaping attitudes and behaviors toward this global challenge. Identifying the antecedents of risk perception contributes to a deeper understanding of how individuals evaluate environmental threats and how they engage with climate-related policy support and adaptation strategies. Existing literature has examined a variety of factors influencing climate change risk perception and assessed their explanatory power. These studies consider not only individuals’ cognitive knowledge and direct experiences but also perceived self-efficacy, trust in scientists and the media, political ideologies, cultural worldviews, religious beliefs, and spatial proximity as key determinants of risk perception. Accordingly, this study investigates the role of four main components—cognitive, experiential, socio-cultural, and socio-demographic factors—in shaping individuals’ perceptions of climate change risks. Most existing studies have explored these determinants within diverse cultural contexts, primarily focusing on general household populations. However, specific groups such as high mountain communities, local populations, farmers, pastoralists, and mountaineers—who are among the most vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change—remain underrepresented in the literature. Considering Turkey’s geographical diversity and fragile ecosystems, examining the climate change risk perceptions of these groups is critically important for developing effective local-level adaptation and mitigation policies. The findings of this study emphasize the need for a more comprehensive examination of the determinants of climate change risk perception in Turkey and highlight the importance of designing adaptation and mitigation strategies that take into account the key factors influencing public risk perception.

Keywords

• Climate Change
• Risk Perception
• Climate Policies
• Factors
• Determinants

Kaynakça

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