Horti-tourism: A theoretical perspective on nature-based educational, therapeutic, and recreational horticultural tourism experiences

Abstract

This study aims to systematically examine horti-tourism (garden tourism) by identifying the experiential dimensions of nature-based horticultural activities and discussing them within a conceptual framework grounded in Experiential Learning Theory, the Biophilia Hypothesis, Stress Recovery Theory, Attention Restoration Theory, Flow Theory, and sustainability principles. To this end, a structured, pragmatic, and replicable systematic literature review (SPAR-4-SLR) was conducted to identify horti-tourism activities, and propose a theory-based experiential model. In light of existing research and current findings, the study reveals that horticultural tourism activities generate multidimensional experiential outcomes. Theoretical evidence suggests that the horti-tourism experience comprises three interrelated dimensions: educational, therapeutic, and recreational, each offering distinctive benefits to participants. Horti-tourism integrates hands-on educational practices that facilitate learning about plant science, ecosystem management, and sustainability; therapeutic interactions with nature that help reduce stress and enhance psychological resilience; and recreational experiences that support meaningful time in natural environments through aesthetic engagement and socially driven participation. By offering a comprehensive conceptual evaluation of horticultural tourism within relevant theoretical and sustainability contexts, this study presents an original contribution to the literature.

Keywords

• Nature-based tourism
• horticultural therapy
• sustainable tourism
• alternative tourism
• garden tourism

Horti-turizm: Doğa temelli eğitimsel, terapötik ve rekreatif hortikültürel turizm deneyimlerine teorik bakış

Öz

Bu çalışma, horti-turizmi (bahçe turizmi) sistematik olarak incelemeyi ve doğa temelli hortikültürel aktivitelere ilişkin deneyimsel boyutları tanımlayarak Deneyimsel Öğrenme Teorisi, Biyofili Hipotezi, Stres İyileşme Teorisi, Restoratif Çevre Kuramı, Akış Kuramı ve sürdürülebilirlik ilkeleri bağlamında kavramsal çerçevede tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla yapılandırılmış, pragmatik ve tekrarlanabilir sistematik literatür taraması (SPAR-4-SLR) gerçekleştirerek horti-turizm aktiviteleri tanımlanmış ve teorik temelli deneyimsel model önerisi sunulmuştur. Alanyazındaki çalışmalar ve mevcut bulgular ışığında hortikültürel turizm aktivitelerinin çok boyutlu deneyimsel çıktıları ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın teorik bulguları horti-turizm deneyiminin eğitimsel, terapötik ve rekreatif olmak üzere üç temel boyuttan meydana geldiğine ve turistlere özgün kazanımlar sağladığına işaret etmektedir. Bulgulara göre horti-turizm; uygulamalı öğrenme yöntemleriyle bitki bilgisi, ekosistem yönetimi ve sürdürülebilirlik temelli bilgileri aktaran eğitimsel faaliyetleri, doğayla etkileşim yoluyla stresin azaltılması ve psikolojik dayanıklılığın artırılmasını hedefleyen terapötik uygulamaları, ayrıca bireylerin doğada nitelikli zaman geçirmesini sağlayan, estetik deneyim ve gönüllülük temelli toplumsal etkileşim odaklı rekreatif etkinlikleri içeren üç temel deneyim alanı sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın, hortikültürel turizmi kuramlar ve sürdürülebilirlik bağlamında kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirerek literatüre önemli bir katkı sunmasıyla özgün değer taşıdığı öngörülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tabiat turizmi
• hortikültürel terapi
• sürdürülebilir turizm
• alternatif turizm
• bahçe turizmi

Kaynakça

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