Cognitive Load Theory in Special Education: A Concept Analysis of Its Meaning, Attributes, and Educational Applications

Öz

Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) is one of the most widely cited frameworks in educational psychology, yet its meaning shifts noticeably when it is applied in the special education literature. Researchers studying students with disabilitiesoften use terms such as cognitive load management, load reduction, instructional efficiency, and scaffolding as though they were interchangeable with CLT itself, even though each term carries a different theoretical history. This paper offers a concept analysis of CLT as it is used in special education, following Walker and Avant's (2019) method. Drawing on an analytic corpus of 70 empirical, theoretical, and review sources spanning the core CLT constructs and twelve disability categories, the analysis identifies the defining attributes of the concept, the conditions that must be present before it can be applied, the outcomes that follow its use, and the ways in which researchers measure it. The paper also traces how the concept has been adapted across disability categories, including learning disabilities, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hearing impairment, visual impairment, physical and health conditions, multiple disabilities, giftedness, and intellectual disability. The analysis concludes with a proposed operational definition intended to give researchers and practitioners a clearer, more consistent way to discuss cognitive load when working with learners who have disabilities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cognitive Load Theory
• special education
• working memory
• instructional design
• concept analysis

Destekleyen Kurum

N/A

Etik Beyan

N/A

Teşekkür

N/A

Özel Eğitimde Bilişsel Yük Kuramı: Anlamı, Temel Özellikleri ve Eğitsel Uygulamalarına İlişkin Bir Kavram Analizi

Öz

Bilişsel Yük Kuramı (BYK), eğitim psikolojisi alanında en fazla atıf alan kuramsal çerçevelerden biri olmasına rağmen, özel eğitim alan yazınında kullanıldığında anlamı belirgin biçimde farklılaşmaktadır. Yetersizliği olan öğrenciler üzerine çalışan araştırmacılar; bilişsel yükün yönetimi, yükün azaltılması, öğretimsel verimlilik ve destekleyici öğretim gibi kavramları, her biri farklı bir kuramsal geçmişe sahip olmasına rağmen, sıklıkla BYK ile eş anlamlıymış gibi kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Walker ve Avant’ın (2019) yöntemi izlenerek BYK’nin özel eğitim alanındaki kullanımına yönelik bir kavram analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. BYK’nin temel yapılarını ve 12 yetersizlik kategorisini kapsayan 70 ampirik, kuramsal ve derleme çalışmasından oluşan analitik bir veri kümesine dayanan analizde; kavramın tanımlayıcı özellikleri, uygulanabilmesi için bulunması gereken öncül koşullar, uygulanması sonucunda ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ve araştırmacıların kavramı ölçme biçimleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kavramın öğrenme güçlüğü, disleksi, disgrafi, diskalkuli, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu, işitme yetersizliği, görme yetersizliği, fiziksel yetersizlikler ve sağlık sorunları, çoklu yetersizlik, özel yeteneklilik ve zihinsel yetersizlik kategorilerinde nasıl uyarlandığı incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, araştırmacıların ve uygulamacıların yetersizliği olan öğrencilerle çalışırken bilişsel yük kavramını daha açık ve tutarlı biçimde ele almalarına katkı sağlamayı amaçlayan işevuruk bir tanım önerilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilişsel Yük Kuramı
• özel eğitim
• çalışma belleği
• öğretim tasarımı
• kavram analizi

Destekleyen Kurum

N/A

Etik Beyan

N/A

Teşekkür

N/A

Kaynakça

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