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The Journal of Higher Education / TÜBA Higher Education Research/Review (TÜBA-HER), the publication organ of the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), is an interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed, scientific journal published three times a year (April, August, December). Each year, one volume is published. The regular issues of the journal may be published in more than one part if the need arises. Supplementary issues to the regular issues or special thematic issues may also be published. The journal is published in Turkish and English in both print (p-ISSN 2146-796X) and electronic (e-ISSN 2146-7978) editions and covers topics related to higher education.

The journal is indexed by TÜBİTAK ULAKBİM TR Index, ESCI (Emerging Sources Citation Index), EBSCO Education Full Text (H. W. Wilson) Database Coverage List and Google Scholar.

The aim of the Journal of Higher Education is to create a scientific platform that evaluates the basic structural features of higher education in Türkiye and the world, examines the similarities and differences between countries in terms of practices, analyzes the main problems and proposes solutions. Thus, the journal aims to create an academic archive by contributing to the development of feasible, sustainable, innovative, entrepreneurial and strategic approaches in higher education.

The Journal of Higher Education primarily publishes original empirical and conceptual research articles, reviews, case studies, opinion articles, historical articles that examine past experiences, and letters to the editor that examine the issues in the field of higher education with an interdisciplinary approach. The decision to publish these types of manuscripts, with the exception of letters to the editor, is made after preliminary review and peer review by the Editorial Board. All manuscripts submitted for peer review must include an abstract, keywords, and reference(s).
In addition to these, the journal may include short reports, application guides and commemorative articles, book reviews, congress and literature summaries, news and announcements related to higher education activities, some of which are prepared upon invitation, which are not included in the peer review process and the decision to publish belongs to the Editorial Board.
The sections in the journal are classified as follows:
- Empirical Research
- Conceptual Research
- Case Study
- Compilation
- Opinion
- Retrospective
- Letter to the Editor
- Short Report
- Manual
- Memorial Letter
- Book Review
- Summaries
- News
- Announcements
The scope of the Journal of Higher Education generally consists of the following topics:
- Management of Higher Education
- Policies and Strategies for Higher Education
- Education and Training in Higher Education (general educational issues at national or international scale: educational policies, educational qualifications, curricula, educational programs, educational technologies, assessment and evaluation, etc.)
- Structuring Universities in Higher Education
- Quality and Accreditation in Higher Education
- Scientist Training, Human Resources and Talent Discovery in Higher Education
- Financing in Higher Education
- Internationalization in Higher Education
- Diversity in Higher Education
- Ranking Systems in Higher Education
- Innovation, Entrepreneurship and R&D Strategies in Higher Education
- Industry and Society Relations in Higher Education
- Campus Life in Higher Education
- New Trends in Higher Education
- Transition to Higher Education

Article Preparation


In the preparation of manuscripts to be published in TÜBA- Journal of Higher Education, except for the following rules, the common rules (APA 7) recommended by the American Psychological Association (APA), which are widely used in the field of social sciences, apply (www.apastyle.org)

Manuscripts should be written on a 21x29.7 cm (A4) size page, leaving 2.5 cm margins from the edges, in 10.5 font size Times New Roman , double spaced and in left centered format. Care should be taken to ensure that the texts to be prepared (excluding the title page) do not exceed 25 pages, including the list of references and tables and figure/image captions.

The sections that should be included in the manuscripts are as follows:

Page 1 - Title page (This page should be uploaded as a separate document)
Page 2 - Turkish Title, Abstract and Keywords
Page 3 - English Title, Abstract and Keywords
Page 4 and following - Main Text
Next page - References
Next page - Table Text and Table (each table should be indicated on a separate page)
Next page - Figure/Figure Caption and Figure/Figures (each figure/figure should be indicated on a separate page)
Last Page - Appendices (footnotes, survey forms, etc.)

All images should be in 300 DPI resolution.

Title Page

The title page should be prepared to be uploaded to the system as a separate file, and information such as the author's name and institutional identity should not be mentioned directly or indirectly on any page other than the title page.
• Title of the article (Italicized)
• Full name(s), title(s) and ORCID code(s) of the author(s) (www.orcid.org)
• The name and city of the institution where the study was conducted or to which the author(s) are affiliated (indicating authors from different departments or institutions) (Turkish and English)
• For articles with long titles, an abbreviated title not exceeding 80 characters, which is desired to appear at the top of the continuation pages when published in the journal
• Author's name, contact address, telephone and e-mail address for correspondence
• Name, project number and date of the fund or organization supporting the study, if any
• If the study has been previously presented at a congress or similar scientific meeting (provided that only the abstract has been published), an explanation (in Turkish and English)
• Declaration of compliance with the Personal Data Protection Law and copyright regulations applicable to intellectual and artistic works
• In articles with more than one author, a brief statement of the individual contributions of the authors and a declaration of conflict of interest
• Declaration of whether Ethics Committee approval and/or legal/special permission is required for the study in research-grade articles

Abstract
Introduction and Background: Brief information on the subject of the study and the reason for the research.
Purpose and unique significance: The main purpose of the research, what it aims to solve and its contribution to the literature.
Methods: A brief description of the methods and approaches used in the research.
Findings: The main findings of the research and the results obtained.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The results of the research and what these results mean, recommendations for future research or implementations.

These sections allow the reader to get a quick idea of the overall content and significance of the article. The abstract should be between 150-250 words and written in short and clear statements.

Main Text
Articles submitted to the journal should not exceed 8,000 words, excluding the Extended English Abstract. Research papers should be presented in four main sections. The first section is the introduction without a title. The following sections should be titled Methods, Results and Discussion (and, if necessary, an additional Conclusion and/or Acknowledgments section). This standard is not required in other fonts, but the text (except the introduction) should be divided into subheadings. Subheadings and subheadings of each subheading, if any, should be written in a way to distinguish the categories.
For studies that require Ethics Committee approval (like clinical or experimental studies with human or animals as subjects, and all kinds of research conducted with qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants using surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observations, experiments, interview techniques, etc., or studies using retrospective personal data), it is necessary to specify the institution from which the approval or permission was obtained (with the date and number of the approval) in the method section. In such cases, the relevant document sample should be uploaded to the system separately.

Extended English Abstract
The sections that should be included in the Extended English Abstract for Turkish articles are as follows:
1. Title:
2. Introduction:
• Background and significance of the research.
• Research problem or hypothesis.
• Purpose and objectives of the article.

3. Literature Review:
• Key findings and studies in the existing literature on the topic.
• How the research fills the gap in the literature.

4. Methodology:
• Research design and approach.
• Data collection methods used (questionnaires, experiments, observations, etc.).
• Data analysis techniques and tools.

5. Findings:
• Key findings obtained as a result of the research.
• Presenting the findings in a detailed and meaningful way.

6. Discussion:
• Comparison of the findings with other studies in the literature.
• Meaning and significance of the findings.
• Limitations of the article.

7. Conclusion and Recommendations:
• General conclusions of the study.
• Recommendations for implementations and future research.

The Extended English Abstract should be 2-3 pages in length (750-1000 words) and cover all the important points of the study and provide the reader with a detailed overview.

References
References should be listed in alphabetical order without a sequence number at the beginning. All references must be cited in the text.

• Citation in text

One or Two Authored Work
For a study with one or two authors, add the author's surname(s) to each citation.
In a study conducted by Veeramah (2004), ....... was found.
In a study examining the research utilization rates of health professionals, ....... (Veeramah, 2004).
According to Dembo and Gibson (1985), education .......
Education is defined in general terms ....... (Dembo & Gibson, 1985).

Three or More Authored Works
For a study with three or more authors, only the surname of the first author and the conjunction “et al.” are included.
Williams et al. (1994) .......
....... (Williams et al., 2010)

First citation in the text
(World Health Organization [WHO], 2006)

Subsequent citations
(WHO, 2006).

• Authors with the same surname:

If there are two or more authors with the same surname in the bibliography/resources list, their first names are used in the text. This should be done even if the years of publication are different.

In the studies by N. Milner (1985) and A. Milner (1990).....

• Two or more studies in the same parenthesis:

Two or more studies by the same authors are arranged in order of publication year. If there is a study in press, it is placed at the end. The surnames of the authors are given first, followed by the year of publication for each study.

(Hockenberry and Wilson, 2011, 2013).

(Hockenberry, 2010, 2013, 2016, in press).

• Works by the same author in the same year: To distinguish more than one work of the author, the letters a,b,c are used after the years.

(Kleber, 1990a, 1990b, 1990c; Wang, 1992 in press-a, 1992 in press-b)


• Two or more studies with different authors

Such studies are given in the same parenthesis, alphabetized by surname and separated from each other with semicolons. For example;

Various studies can be found at .... (Kajermo, 2008; Kuuppelomeki, 2003; Rycroft-Malone, 2004).

• Reference List

It should be prepared in accordance with the general examples given below. In publications with more than one author, the conjunction “&” should be placed before the last author in publications with up to seven authors. If the number of authors is more than seven, “...” (Ellipsis) is placed after the first six authors and the name of the last author is given. No more than seven author names are presented in the bibliography. The names of periodicals should be written in italics, without abbreviations. In the bibliographies of books, book titles should also be written in lower case and italicized, except for the initial letter. For books with more than one edition, the number of editions and the place of publication (city) and publisher must be indicated in the bibliographies of books without a DOI (digital object identifier) code. In the bibliography, the DOI code should be written in lower case after the doi, with a colon and without a break.

1.  Journal article with DOI

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (McCauley ve Christiansen, 2019)
English article: (McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)

Narrative citation:
Turkish article: McCauley ve Christiansen (2019)
English article: McCauley and Christiansen (2019)

2. Internet Resources

If you used a website in your article, name the website in the text and put the URL in parentheses. For example, if you used a website to create a survey, mention the website in the text. We created our survey using Qualtrics (https://www.qualtrics.com).
In APA 7 format, citations from web pages should be cited as shown in parentheses: (Year, Month, Day). If the web page gives the name of a single author, the author's name should be given first.
• Surname, M. E. (Year, Month, Day). Page title. Website name. URL
• Bologna, C. (2019, October 31). Why some people with anxiety love watching horror movies.HuffPost. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/anxiety-love-watching-horrormovies_l_5d277587e4b02a5a5d57b59e
• National Institute of Mental Health. (2018, July). Anxiety disorders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety disorders/index.shtml

3. Journal article with URL that does not have a DOI

Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 17–39. https://www.ahead.org/professional
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Ahmann ve ark., 2018)
English article: (Ahmann et al., 2018)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Ahmann ve ark. (2018)
English article: Ahmann et al. (2018)

4. Journal articles with 21 or more authors including DOI

Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3), 437–471. http://doi.org/fg6rf9
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Kalnay ve ark., 1996)
English article: (Kalnay et al., 1996)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Kalnay ve ark. (1996)
English article: Kalnay et al. (1996)

5. Special section or special issue article in a journal

Lilienfeld, S. O. (Ed.). (2018). Heterodox issues in psychology [Special section]. Archives of Scientific Psychology, 6(1), 51– 104.
McDaniel, S. H., Salas, E., & Kazak, A. E. (Eds.). (2018). The science of teamwork [Special issue]. American Psychologist, 73(4).
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Lilienfeld, 2018; McDaniel ve ark., 2018)
English article: (Lilienfeld, 2018; McDaniel et al., 2018)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Lilienfeld (2018) ve McDaniel ve ark. (2018)
English article: Lilienfeld (2018) and McDaniel et al. (2018)

6. Book written with DOI

Brown, L. S. (2018). Feminist therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000092- 000
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Brown, 2018)
English article: (Brown, 2018)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Brown (2018)
English article: Brown (2018)

7. Book written without DOI from academic research databases or printed version

Burgess, R. (2019). Rethinking global health: Frameworks of power. Routledge.
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Burgess, 2019)
English article: (Burgess, 2019)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Burgess (2019)
English article: Burgess (2019)

8. DOI-free, URL-written e-book or audiobook

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random House Audio. http://bit.ly/2G0BpbI
Christian, B., & Griffiths, T. (2016). Algorithms to live by: The computer science of human decisions. Henry Holt and Co. http://a.co/7qGBZAk
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Cain, 2012; Christian ve Griffiths, 2016)
English article: (Cain, 2012; Christian & Griffiths, 2016)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Cain (2012) ve Christian ve Griffiths (2016)
English article: Cain (2012) and Christian and Griffiths (2016)

9. Book from academic research databases or printed, edited, non-DOI

Hacker Hughes, J. (Ed.). (2017). Military veteran psychological health and social care: Contemporary approaches. Routledge.
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Hacker Hughes, 2017)
English article: (Hacker Hughes, 2017)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Hacker Hughes (2017)
English article: Hacker Hughes (2017)

10. Translated book
Piaget, J., & Inhelder, B. (1969). The psychology of the child (H. Weaver, Trans.; 2nd ed.). Basic Books. (Original work published 1966)
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Piaget ve Inhelder, 1966/1969)
English article: (Piaget & Inhelder, 1966/1969)

Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Piaget ve Inhelder (1966/1969)
English article: Piaget and Inhelder (1966/1969)

11. Book series
Madigan, S. (2019). Narrative therapy (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000131- 000
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Madigan, 2019)
English article: (Madigan, 2019)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Madigan (2019)
English article: Madigan (2019)

12.  Book chapter with DOI
English: Balsam, K. F., Martell, C. R., Jones, K. P., & Safren, S. A. (2019). Affirmative cognitive behavior therapy with sexual and gender minority people. In G. Y. Iwamasa & P. A. Hays (Eds.), Culturally responsive cognitive behavior therapy: Practice and supervision (2nd ed., pp. 287–314). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000119- 012

Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Balsam ve ark., 2019)
English article: (Balsam et al., 2019)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Balsam ve ark. (2019)
English article: Balsam et al. (2019)

13. Book chapter without DOI

Weinstock, R., Leong, G. B., & Silva, J. A. (2003). Defining forensic psychiatry: Roles and responsibilities. In R. Rosner (Ed.), Principles and practice of forensic psychiatry (2nd ed., pp. 7–13). CRC Press.
Parantez içinde alıntı /Parenthetical citation:

Turkish article: (Weinstock ve ark., 2003)
English article: (Weinstock et al., 2003)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Weinstock ve ark. (2003)
English article: Weinstock et al. (2003)

14. Report of a government agency or other organization
Australian Government Productivity Commission & New Zealand Productivity Commission. (2012). Strengthening trans- Tasman economic relations. https://www.pc.gov.au/inquiries/completed/australia-new- zealand/report/trans-tasman.pdf Canada Council for the Arts. (2013). What we heard: Summary of key findings: 2013 Canada Council’s Inter-Arts Office consultation. http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/canadac ouncil/K23-65-2013-eng.pdf National Cancer Institute. (2018). Facing forward: Life after cancer treatment (NIH Publication No. 18-2424). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/patient-education/life- after-treatment.pdf

Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (Australian Government Productivity Commission ve New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012; Canada Council for the Arts, 2013; National Cancer Institute, 2018)
English article: (Australian Government Productivity Commission & New Zealand Productivity Commission, 2012; Canada Council for the Arts, 2013; National Cancer Institute, 2018)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Australian Government Productivity Commission ve New Zealand Productivity Commission (2012), Canada Council for the Arts (2013) ve National Cancer Institute (2018)
English article: Australian Government Productivity Commission and New Zealand Productivity Commission (2012), Canada Council for the Arts (2013), and National Cancer Institute (2018)

15. Unpublished Theses
Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.

Parenthetical citation:

Turkish article: (Harris, 2014)
English article: (Harris, 2014)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: Harris (2014)
English article: Harris (2014)

16. Dictionary

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Positive transference. In APA dictionary of psychology. Retrieved August 31, 2019, from https://dictionary.apa.org/positive- transference
Parenthetical citation:
Turkish article: (American Psychological Association, n.d.; Merriam-Webster, n.d.)
English article: (American Psychological Association, n.d.; Merriam-Webster, n.d.)
Narrative citation:
Turkish article: American Psychological Association (n.d.) ve Merriam-Webster
English article: American Psychological Association (n.d.) and Merriam-Webster
(n.d.)

17. Conference proceedings bibliography

Conference Proceedings Published as a Book:
Kushilevitz, E., & Malkin, T. (Eds.). (2016). Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 9562. Theory of cryptography. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49096-9

Conference Proceedings Published as Book Chapters:
Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21

Figures, Pictures and Tables
Tables should be numbered in separate categories within the text and Roman numerals should not be used in numbering. Table captions should be placed above the tables. Figure/image captions should be presented on a separate page according to their order. Figures (drawings and graphics) prepared in vectorial software can be saved in TIF or EPS format. Color figures must be saved in TIF format in RGB (8 bits) and black/white drawings must be saved in EPS format. Images should be prepared in TIF or JPG format with 300 dpi resolution. Non-standard abbreviations may be used in figures, tables or images when necessary. In this case, the abbreviation used should be explained in the title or caption of the figure/picture. Previously published figures, tables or pictures may be used for comparison purposes only when absolutely necessary, provided that written permission is obtained from the author or publisher (copyright holder) and the source is cited.

Indicating Funding Support
Please disclose any funding support (In-kind or monetary) provided for the conduct of this research in the acknowledgement section. If you do not have any acknowledgement section, please indicate this information as a footnote on the first page of the article. For example: 'This article was supported within the scope of [Project Name or Number] provided by [Institution Name]'.

Conflict of Interest Declaration
The author(s) explicitly that there is no personal or financial conflict of interest within the scope of the article.

Attachments
Explanations that are intended to be given in a separate place (as footnotes) in order not to take up space in the text can be listed in this section. Where necessary in the text, the relevant footnotes, which are given a sequence number in square brackets in upper case, should be listed in this section (endnotes). Authors are advised not to use footnotes unless it is mandatory. Other items such as survey forms, maps, plans, etc. can also be given in the appendices section. Explanations about these should also be included in this section. If it is necessary to present more than one appendix, each appendix should be given a separate sequence number in Roman numerals.

The Journal of Higher Education is dedicated to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and adhering to the following principles of the Declaration on Publication Ethics and Misuse. This declaration has been prepared by the Editorial Board of the Journal of Higher Education based on the recommendations and guidelines developed by Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Council of Science Editors (CSE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) and Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) for journal editors and publishers.

Higher Education Journal Publication Ethics and Misuse Statement
Manuscripts submitted to The Journal of Higher Education for publication must not have been previously published in another journal or submitted simultaneously to any other journal for publication. Manuscripts prepared from papers presented at scientific meetings can be submitted to the journal, provided that they are unpublished. Incoming manuscripts are pre-reviewed by the Editorial Board. Manuscripts that are not suitable for the purpose of publication of the journal may be rejected directly or sent back to the author to make them suitable for the purpose of publication and publication rules without being evaluated by the referees. Manuscripts deemed suitable for the scope of the journal are included in the double-blind peer review process. In line with the comments and suggestions of the referees, the Editorial Board is authorized to suggest the corrections and changes it deems necessary during the preparation of the manuscripts submitted to the journal for publication or to reject the manuscript at any stage. The manuscript, which is accepted after passing the necessary correction stages in the referee evaluation process, is sent to the publishing house to prepare the page layout. The proofs of the manuscripts that have completed the page layout stage are sent to the relevant author (with whom the correspondence is made) for final print approval. The manuscripts that pass these stages are published online after the approval of the author, then given a page number and DOI code to be included in the appropriate issue of the journal period.

Our journal reserves the right to examine the submitted manuscripts for plagiarism at any stage by means of a purpose-built software. For this purpose, unauthorized quotation or falsification of data, falsification (fabrication or manipulation of tables, figures or research data), and the use of inappropriate human or animal subjects in the research may be examined for plagiarism. Manuscripts that do not meet these standards will not be published in the journal. This rule also applies to any non-compliance with these standards that may be detected at the post-publication stage and requires withdrawal of the manuscript from publication. As a matter of publication ethics, our journal will report cases of suspected plagiarism or duplicate publication. Our journal will rely on the Publication Ethics Flowcharts developed by COPE in possible cases of abuse or violation of publication ethics.

Author Responsibilities
Authors should ensure the originality of their manuscripts. They must declare that the manuscript has not been previously published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere, in any language. They must comply with applicable copyright agreements and laws. Copyrighted material, such as tables, figures, or other contributed quotations, may only be published in the journal with valid permission and copyright acknowledgment. Authors should appropriately cite other authors, contributors, or sources and indicate the relevant references. The author(s) of research-type manuscripts must have participated in at least three stages of the research process: "designing the study," "collecting the data," "analyzing the data," "writing the manuscript," and "confirming the accuracy of the data and analysis."

Authors are required to declare any areas of conflict of interest or competing interests (including financial relationships or personal overlaps that may be relevant to the study) that could potentially affect the findings or scientific outcomes of the study. All financial contributions, sponsorships, or project support for the study must be disclosed. The existence of a conflict of interest does not preclude the publication of the study in the journal.

If an author detects a significant scientific error or inappropriateness in a published manuscript, they have an obligation to contact the Editor as soon as possible in order to withdraw the manuscript or correct the error.

Referee Responsibilities
Reviewers evaluate manuscripts solely based on scientific content, without regard to the ethnicity, gender, gender preference, nationality, religious beliefs, or political philosophy of the authors. Reviewers should have no conflict of interest or competing interests with respect to the research, its authors, or its sponsors. Reviewer decisions must be objective.

Reviewers should cite related published works that have not been cited by the author. They are obliged to keep all information about the submitted manuscript confidential and to notify the relevant Editor if they become aware of copyright infringement or plagiarism by the author.

If a reviewer believes that the content of a submitted manuscript is incompatible with their scientific field or expertise, or if they are unable to make a quick evaluation, they should inform the relevant Editor and request to be excused from the evaluation process.

Editor Responsibilities

The Editorial Board of the Journal of Higher Education consists of the Editor-in-Chief, Editors, and Deputy Editors. The Board guarantees editorial independence and evaluates the manuscripts submitted to the journal solely based on scientific content, without taking into account the ethnicity, gender, gender preference, nationality, religious beliefs, or political philosophy of the authors, or any personal interactions with the volunteer leaders of the association or journal. The Board ensures a fair peer review process for the publication of submitted manuscripts. It guarantees that all information about the submitted manuscript is kept confidential until publication. Editors are responsible for the content and overall quality of the publication and are committed to publishing corrections when necessary through the Correction/Erratum pages. The Editor-in-Chief ensures that there is no conflict of interest or competing interest between authors, editors, and reviewers. The Editorial Board is responsible for appointing referees for the Journal of Higher Education and for making positive or negative decisions regarding the publication of manuscripts.

Journal of Higher Education Special Issue Policy

The Turkish Academy of Sciences the Journal of Higher Education (TÜBA-HER) reserves the right to publish one special issue per year upon the decision of the TÜBA Council or the TÜBA-HER Editorial Board. Researchers or scientific event organizers who wish to propose a special issue can send their proposals, including details of the relevant scientific event within the scope of the journal, to the journal secretariat via Dergipark. The Editorial Board of TÜBA Council or TÜBA-HER reviews all proposals, and a call for papers may be made for those accepted. Guest editors can be assigned to the journal only for the special issue. Guest editors are responsible for ensuring that the articles submitted for the special issue are thematically appropriate, in accordance with editorial rules, and in compliance with referee feedback. In addition, academic background, field expertise, and previous editorial experience are taken into account when appointing special issue editors.

Special Issue Theme and Focus
Each special issue in the Journal of Higher Education aims to present a collection of articles focusing on a current and relevant research theme aligned with the scope and objectives of the journal. The goal is to enrich the academic literature by bringing together diverse perspectives, research findings, and opinions. Special issue themes are determined based on topicality and relevance, as well as the potential for multidisciplinary contributions, demands within the academic community, capacity to stimulate innovative approaches, and international collaboration. The editorial board may initiate a call for special issues or respond to special issue requests from researchers or organizers of scientific events. Proposals from symposia and conferences are accepted and evaluated for relevance and quality by the editorial board and associate editors.

From time to time, the journal may call for articles on important and topical issues. Special issues usually consist of 10-12 research articles, supported by an introduction and conclusion.

The main criteria for evaluating special issue proposals are:

- Importance and topicality of the proposed theme
- Potential to contribute to the academic field
- Alignment with the journal's editorial policy and thematic scope

All submissions for special issues are conducted through the Dergipark platform, and articles are accepted in English or Turkish. If necessary, the editorial board may adjust the number of articles or language distribution. Articles should be prepared in accordance with the journal's format and spelling rules, and the special issue editor may set page limits for articles.

Submission, Review, and Revision Process
The peer review process for articles in the special issue is carried out by the editor-in-chief or designated guest editor(s). The special issue editor is responsible for ensuring thematic coherence, timely submission, and compliance with reviewer feedback. The review process is the same as for standard issues, with additional support from field editors if necessary.
The journal's open access policy and its policy of not charging publication fees for articles also apply to special issues.

No payment is done for manuscripts under the name of copyright or others approved for publishing in the journal and no publication cost is charged; however, reprints are at authors' cost.