Afet Sonrası Psikososyal Destek Hizmetlerine Yönelik Kuramsal Bir Model

Öz

6 Şubat 2023’te Kahramanmaraş merkezli 11 ili vuran depremler, Türkiye’de milyonlarca insanı etkileyen biyopsikososyal, manevi ve ekonomik sonuçlar doğurmuş; afetten doğrudan etkilenen bölgelerdeki gençlerin psikososyal gereksinimlerini artırmıştır. Afet sonrası psikososyal destek hizmetlerinin planlanmasına rehberlik edecek, kuramsal olarak temellendirilmiş bütüncül modellerin sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, söz konusu kuramsal boşluğu gidermek amacıyla Ekolojik Sistemler Teorisi (EST) ile Topluluk Temelli Katılımlı Araştırma (TeTKA) yaklaşımını bütünleştiren bir kuramsal model önermektedir. Modelin geliştirilmesi sürecinde afet sonrası psikososyal destek, travma, dayanıklılık, gençlik ruh sağlığı ve toplum temelli müdahalelere ilişkin ilgili alan yazından faydalanılmıştır. Önerilen model; travma ve stres yönetimi, baş etme becerileri, duygu düzenleme, öz şefkat, farkındalık, medya ve bağımlılık farkındalığı, güçlü yönlerin geliştirilmesi ve kimlik gelişimini destekleyen psikoeğitim bileşenlerini, gerektiğinde bireysel psikolojik danışmanlık ve psikiyatrik yönlendirme süreçleriyle bütünleştirmektedir.  

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• psikososyal destek
• Topluluk Temelli Katılımlı Eylem Araştırma
• Ekolojik Sistemler Teorisi

Etik Beyan

Etik beyan bildirim dosyası eklenmiştir. Bu teorik makale, 01 Mart 2025- 31 Ekim 2025 tarihleri arasında Gençlik ve Spor Bakanlığı (GSB) Afetten Etkilenen Gençlerin Güçlendirilmesi Destek Programı kapsamında bakanlığa İyilikhane Derneği ‘Birlikteyiz’ projesi başlığında önerilen proje ana metninden hazırlanmıştır.

A Theoretical Model For Post-Disaster Psychosocial Support Services

Öz

The earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6th 2023 affected 11 provinces 
and resulted in biopsychosocial, spiritual, and economic consequences across Türkiye, substantially increasing the psychosocial needs of young people living in the disaster-affected regions. Despite this pressing need, theoretically grounded and comprehensive models capable of guiding the planning of post-disaster psychosocial support services remain limited. To address this theoretical gap, the present study proposes a theoretical model that integrates Ecological Systems Theory and the Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR) approach. The proposed model was developed through a theoretical synthesis of the related literature on post-disaster psychosocial support, trauma, resilience, youth mental health, and community-based interventions. The model incorporates psychoeducational components focusing on trauma and stress management, coping skills, emotion regulation, self-compassion, mindfulness, media literacy and addiction awareness, strengths development, and identity development, while also integrating individual psychological counseling and psychiatric referral services when needed. The proposed model aims to provide a theoretical framework to guide the planning and implementation of post-disaster psychosocial support services for practitioners and policymakers, while establishing a testable conceptual foundation for future empirical research and intervention programs. This framework has been submitted to the Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Türkiye as an implementable project proposal.
 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster
• psychosocial support
• Community-Based Participatory Research
• Ecological Systems Theory

Kaynakça

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