Educational Academic Research

Educational Academic Research is a scientific, open access periodical published in accordance with independent, unbiased, and double-blinded peer-review principles.

Educational Academic Research started its publication life in 2003. The journal is the official online-only publication of Ataturk University Faculty of Education and published quarterly in March, June, September and December. The journal is published in Turkish and English.

Educational Academic Research is a peer-reviewed and online-only journal published by Educational Academic Research.

The journal publishes qualitative and quantitative research articles, especially meta-analysis and meta-synthesis studies, on education and teaching, reviews and theoretical studies related to contemporary literature on education. The primary purpose of the journal is to share the scientific information produced in the field of education on a broad platform. In this respect, the journal aims to bring together researchers, education practitioners, and politicians of education at a common point. The journal focuses on research that will lead to the solution of educational problems, the quality of education in education and the production of new information. Studies conducted with teacher candidates are not accepted in the journal.

The editorial and publication processes of the journal are shaped in accordance with the guidelines of the Council of Science Editors (CSE), Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), European Association of Science Editors (EASE), and National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The journal conforms with the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (doaj.org/bestpractice).

Educational Academic Research is currently indexed in TUBITAK ULAKBIM TR Index and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI).

All expenses of the journal are covered by the Educational Academic Research. Processing and publication are free of charge with the journal. No fees are requested from the authors at any point throughout the evaluation and publication process. All manuscripts must be submitted via the online submission system, which is available at https://education-ataunipress.org/. The journal guidelines, technical information, and the required forms are available on the journal’s web page.

Disclaimer
Statements or opinions expressed in the manuscripts published in the journal reflect the views of the author(s) and not the opinions of the Educational Academic Research, editors, editorial board, and/or publisher; the editors, editorial board, and publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for such materials.

Open Access Statement
Educational Academic Research is an open access publication and the journal’s publication model is based on Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) declaration. Journal’s archive is available online, free of charge at https://education-ataunipress.org/. Authors retain the copyright of their published work in the Educational Academic Research. The journal's content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 International License which permits third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commerical purposes by giving the apropriate credit to the original work.

Editor in Chief: Seda OKUMUŞ
Address: Department of Science Education, Atatürk University, Faculty of Kazım Karabekir Education, Erzurum, Turkey
E-Mail: seda.okumus@atauni.edu.tr

Publisher: Atatürk University
Address: Atatürk University, Yakutiye, Erzurum, Turkey

Publishing Service: AVES
Address: Büyükdere Cad., 105/9 34394 Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey
Phone: +90 212 217 17 00
E-mail: info@avesyayincilik.com
Webpage: www.avesyayincilik.com

How to Submit a Manuscript?

Educational Academic Research is a scientific, open access periodical published in accordance with independent, unbiased, and double-blinded peer-review principles. The journal is the official online-only publication of Educational Academic Research and published quarterly in March, June, September and December. The journal is published bilingually in Turkish and English.

Educational Academic Research aims to contribute to the literature by publishing manuscripts at the highest scientific level in all fields of educational sciences. The journal publishes theoretical and practical original articles and reviews on educational sciences.

PUBLICATION POLICY
The editorial and publication processes of the journal are shaped in accordance with the guidelines of the Council of Science Editors (CSE), the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the European Association of Science Editors (EASE), and National Information Standards Organization (NISO). The journal conforms to the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing (doaj.org/bestpractice).

Originality, high scientific quality, and citation potential are the most important criteria for a manuscript to be accepted for publication. Manuscripts submitted for evaluation should not have been previously presented or already published in an electronic or printed medium. The journal should be informed of manuscripts that have been submitted to another journal for evaluation and rejected for publication. When using previously published content, including figures, tables, or any other material in both print and electronic formats, authors must obtain permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial and criminal liabilities in this regard belong to the author(s).

PEER-REVIEW POLICY
Manuscripts submitted to Educational Academic Research will go through a double-blind peer-review process. Each submission will be reviewed by at least two external, independent peer reviewers who are experts in their fields in order to ensure an unbiased evaluation process. If reviewers do not evaluate the manuscript within a month, Editorial Board may send the article to different reviewers for evaluation. Editorial Board decides whether the manuscript will be published, considering the reviewer comments. The editorial board will invite an external and independent editor to manage the evaluation processes of manuscripts submitted by editors or by the editorial board members of the journal. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all submissions.

ETHICAL GUIDELINES
The authors are expected to submit researches that comply with the general ethical principles which include; scientific integrity, objectivity, collegiality, data integrity, institutional integrity and social responsibility.

The Editorial Board of the journal handles all appeal and complaint cases within the scope of COPE guidelines. In such cases, authors should get in direct contact with the editorial office regarding their appeals and complaints. When needed, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve cases that cannot be resolved internally. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints.

ERRATUM
The correction requests submitted by the authors are reviewed by the Editorial Board and the corrections are applied based on the decision of the Editorial Board. In case of corrections in the published text, the readers are informed by publishing the Erratum text in the number following the correction. The edited article is updated on the journal web page and in the indexes when the journal is scanned.

PLAGIARISM AND ETHICAL MISCONDUCT
Educational Academic Research is extremely sensitive about plagiarism. All submissions are screened by a similarity detection software (iThenticate by CrossCheck) at any point during the peer-review and/or production process.

Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have unacceptable similarity with the previously published data. When you are discussing others' (or your own) previous work, please make sure that you cite the material correctly in every instance.

Authors are strongly recommended to avoid any form plagiarism and ethical misconduct that are exemplified below.

Self- plagiarism (text-recycling): Overlapping sections or sentences with the author’s previous publications without citing them. Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have unacceptable similarity with the previously published data.
Slicing: Using the same data of a research into several different articles. Reporting the same hypotheses, population, and methods of a study is into different papers is not acceptable.
Data Fabrication: It is the addition of data that never occurred during the gathering of data or the experiments. Results and their interpretation must be based on the complete data sets and reported accordingly.
Data Manipulation/Falsification: It means manipulating research data with the intention of giving a false impression. This includes manipulating images, removing outliers or ‘inconvenient’ results, changing data points, etc.

In the event of alleged or suspected research misconduct, e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication, the Editorial Board will follow and act according to COPE flowcharts.

AUTHORSHIP
Being an author of a scientific article mainly indicates a person who has a significant contribution to the article and shares the responsibility and accountability of that article. To be defined as an author of a scientific article, researchers should fulfil below criteria:

- Making a significant contribution to the work in all or some of the following phases: Research conception or design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation.
- Drafting, writing or revising the manuscript
- Agreeing on the final version of the manuscript and the journal which it will be submitted
- Taking responsibility and accountability of the content of the article

Outside the above-mentioned authorship criteria, any other form of specific contribution should be stated in the Acknowledgement section.

If an article is written by more than one person, one of the co-authors should be chosen as the corresponding author for handling all the correspondences regarding the article. Before submission, all authors should agree on the order of the authors and provide their current affiliations and contact details. Corresponding author is responsible for ensuring the correctness of these information.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Educational Academic Research requires and encourages the authors and the individuals involved in the evaluation process of submitted manuscripts to disclose any existing or potential conflicts of interests, including financial, consultant, and institutional, that might lead to potential bias or a conflict of interest. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board. Cases of a potential conflict of interest of the editors, authors, or reviewers are resolved by the journal’s Editorial Board within the scope of COPE guidelines.

The Editorial Board of the journal handles all appeal and complaint cases within the scope of COPE guidelines. In such cases, authors should get in direct contact with the editorial office regarding their appeals and complaints. When needed, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve cases that cannot be resolved internally. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints.

Copyright and Licensing
Educational Academic Research requires a Copyright Licence Form which is available at https://education-ataunipress.org/. By signing the Copyright Agreement and Acknowledgement of Authorship Form, authors retain copyright of their work and agree that the article, if accepted for publication by Educational Academic Research, will be licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC). When using previously published content, including figures, tables, or any other material in both print and electronic formats, authors must obtain permission from the copyright holder. Legal, financial and criminal liabilities in this regard belong to the author(s).

POST-PUBLICATION CORRECTION REQUESTS AND RETRACTIONS
All post-publication correction requests are subjected to editorial decision. Editors review the cases considering journal policies and the highest editorial standards that are adhered to COPE guidelines. If the correction/change is accepted to be implement, the article will be updated with an Erratum or Correction Notice and the journal record will be updated in the related indexes.

In the cases of ethical misconduct concerns, the case will be investigated by the editors according to COPE guidelines. A retraction notice will be issued if the investigation results in the verification of the concern. The paper will remain in the online version of the journal and the retraction notice will be enclosed in the article’s record. The article record will be updated in the related indexes.

Disclaimer
Statements or opinions expressed in the manuscripts published in Educational Academic Research reflect the views of the author(s) and not the opinions of the editors, the editorial board, or the publisher; the editors, the editorial board, and the publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for such materials. The final responsibility in regard to the published content rests with the authors.

MANUSCRIPT PREPARATION
Manuscripts can only be submitted through the journal’s online manuscript submission and evaluation system, available at https://aujkkef.manuscriptmanager.net. Manuscripts submitted via any other medium will not be evaluated.
Manuscripts submitted to the journal will first go through a technical evaluation process where the editorial office staff will ensure that the manuscript has been prepared and submitted in accordance with the journal’s guidelines. Submissions that do not conform to the journal’s guidelines will be returned to the submitting author with technical correction requests.
Authors are required to submit the Copyright License Agreement Form during the initial submission.

The form is available for download at https://aujkkef.manuscriptmanager.net.

Preparation of the Manuscript
All articles sent to Educational Academic Research must be written in Times New Roman 10 font size in MS Word compatible program in A4 size. There is no page limit for submissions.
Title page: A separate title page should be submitted with all submissions and this page should include:
- The full title of the manuscript as well as a short title (running head) of no more than 50 characters,
- Name(s), affiliations, and highest academic degree(s) and ORCID ID(s) of the author(s),
- Grant information and detailed information on the other sources of support,
- Name, address, telephone (including the mobile phone number) and fax numbers, and email address of the corresponding author,
- Acknowledgment of the individuals who contributed to the preparation of the manuscript but who do not fulfill the authorship criteria.
Abstract: An abstract should be submitted with all original articles. The abstract should be unstructured and a maximum of 200 words in length.
Keywords: Each submission must be accompanied by a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 5 keywords for subject indexing at the end of the abstract. The keywords should be listed in full without abbreviations.

Manuscript Types
Original Articles: The main text of original articles should be structured with Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion and Recommendations subheadings.

Review Articles: Reviews prepared by authors who have extensive knowledge on a particular field and whose scientific background has been translated into a high volume of publications with a high citation potential are welcomed. These authors may even be invited by the journal.

Tables
Tables should be included in the main document, and they should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the main text. A descriptive title must be placed above the tables. Abbreviations used in the tables should be defined below the tables by footnotes (even if they are defined within the main text). Tables should be created using the “insert table” command of the word processing software and they should be arranged clearly to provide easy reading. Data presented in the tables should not be a repetition of the data presented within the main text but should be supporting the main text.

Figures and Figure Legends
Figures, graphics, and photographs should be submitted as separate files (in TIFF or JPEG format) through the submission system. The files should not be embedded in a Word document or the main document. When there are figure subunits, the subunits should not be merged to form a single image. Each subunit should be submitted separately through the submission system. Images should not be labeled (a, b, c, etc.) to indicate figure subunits. Thick and thin arrows, arrowheads, stars, asterisks, and similar marks can be used on the images to support figure legends. Like the rest of the submission, the figures too should be blind. Any information within the images that may indicate an individual or institution should be blinded. The minimum resolution of each submitted figure should be 300 DPI. To prevent delays in the evaluation process, all submitted figures should be clear in resolution and large in size (minimum dimensions: 100 × 100 mm). Figure legends should be listed at the end of the main document.

All acronyms and abbreviations used in the manuscript should be defined at first use, both in the abstract and in the main text. The abbreviation should be provided in parentheses following the definition.

All references, tables, and figures should be referred to within the main text, and they should be numbered consecutively in the order they are referred to within the main text.

P value should not be included in the tables. P values that are presented in the main text should be written in italic.

Title Levels
First
Centered, bold, capital initial letters
The text starts with a new paragraph.

Second
Flush left, bold, initial letters uppercase
The text starts with a new paragraph.

Third
Flush left, bold, italic, initial letters uppercase
The text starts with a new paragraph.

Fourth
Indented, bold, capital initial letters, end with a point
The text begins on the same line with the title and continues as a standard paragraph.

Fifth
Indented, bold, capital initial letters, end with a point
The text begins on the same line with the title and continues as a standard paragraph.

References
While citing publications, preference should be given to the latest, most up-to-date publications. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of references. Both in-text citations and the references must be prepared according to the American Psychological Association (APA) 7th edition.

Journal Article: Watkins, D. A., Hui, E. K., Luo, W., Regmi, M., Worthington, E. L., Jr., Hook, J. N., & Davis, D. E. (2011). Forgiveness and interpersonal relationships: A Nepalese investigation. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151(2), 150-161.
Journal Article with more than one author: Jerrentrup, A., Mueller, T., Glowalla, U., Herder, M., Henrichs, N., Neubauer, A., & Schaefer, J. R. (2018). Teaching medicine with the help of “Dr. House.” PLoS ONE, 13(3), Article e0193972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972
Turkish Article: Akın, Ü., Akın, A., ve Abacı, R. (2007). Öz-duyarlık Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Self-Compassion Scale: The Study of Validity and Reliability]. H. U. Journal of Education, 33(1), 1-10.

Books
By a Single Author: Kimmel, M. S. (2007). The gendered society. Oxford University Press.
By Two or More Authors: DiFonzo, N., & Bordia, P. (2007). Rumor psychology: Social and organizational approaches. American Psychological Association.
By a Corporate (Group) Author: American Sociological Association. (1975). Approaches to the study of social structure. Free Press.
Edited Book: Rhodewalt, F. (Ed.). (2008). Personality and social behavior. Psychology Press.
Book Chapter with Editor(s): McCormack, B., McCance, T., & Maben, J. (2013). Outcome evaluation in the development of person-centred practice. In B. McCormack, K. Manley, & A. Titchen (Eds.), Practice development in nursing and healthcare (pp. 190-211). John Wiley & Sons.
Dissertation or Thesis: Valentin, E. R. (2019, Summer). Narcissism predicted by Snapchat selfie sharing, filter usage, and editing [Master's thesis, California State University Dominguez Hills]. CSU ScholarWorks. https://scholarworks.calstate.edu/concern/theses/3197xm925?locale=en
No Author: The universal declaration of human rights. (1974). U.S. Catholic Conference, Division of Latin America.
Web sites: Sparks, Dana. (2018, September 12). Mayo mindfulness: Practicing mindfulness exercises. Mayo Clinic.

In the seventh edition, up to 20 authors should now be included in a reference list entry. For sources with more than 20 authors, after the 19th listed author, any additional authors' names are replaced with an ellipsis (…) followed by the final listed author's name:
Author, A. A., Author, B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I. I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q. Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, Z. Z.

REVISIONS
When submitting a revised version of a paper, changes made according to the reviewers’ comments should be highlighted in the revised document. Revised manuscripts must be submitted within 30 days from the date of the decision letter. If the revised version of the manuscript is not submitted within the allocated time, the revision option may be canceled. If the submitting author(s) believe that additional time is required, they should request this extension before the initial 30-day period is over.

Accepted manuscripts are copy-edited for grammar, punctuation, and format by professional language editors. Once the publication process of a manuscript is completed, it is published online on the journal’s webpage as an ahead-of-print publication before it is included in its scheduled issue. A PDF proof of the accepted manuscript is sent to the corresponding author and their publication approval is requested within 2 days of their receipt of the proof.

Editor in Chief: Seda OKUMUŞ
Address: Department of Science Education, Atatürk University, Faculty of Kazım Karabekir Education, Erzurum, Turkey
E-Mail: seda.okumus@atauni.edu.tr

Publisher: AVES
Address: Büyükderece Cad., 105/9 34394 Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey
Phone: +90 212 272 13 50
E-mail: info@avesyayincilik.com
Web page: www.avesyayincilik.com

Ethical Principles
Ethics committee approval and informed consent from volunteers must be obtained for all experimental human studies, the process of which has been started as of 2020. When the participants are children, the written informed consent must be obtained from the parents of the children. Although permission and consent are not required for each research, the Editorial Board has a right to ask the authors details about the ethical process of their research if they think it is necessary. Information on the consent of the participants/volunteers, the name of the ethics committee, and the ethics committee approval number should also be stated in the Methods section of the manuscript.

The authors are expected to submit researches that comply with the general ethical principles which include; scientific integrity, objectivity, collegiality, data integrity, institutional integrity and social responsibility.

All submissions are screened by a similarity detection software (iThenticate by CrossCheck) at any point during the peer-review or production process. Even if you are the author of the phrases or sentences, the text should not have unacceptable similarity with the previously published data.

When you are discussing others' (or your own) previous work, please make sure that you cite the material correctly in every instance.
In the event of alleged or suspected research misconduct, e.g., plagiarism, citation manipulation, and data falsification/fabrication, the Editorial Board will follow and act in accordance with COPE guidelines.

Authorship
Being an author of a scientific article mainly indicates a person who has a significant contribution to the article and shares the responsibility and accountability of that article. To be defined as an author of a scientific article, researchers should fulfil below criteria:

- Making a significant contribution to the work in all or some of the following phases: Research conception or design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation.
- Drafting, writing or revising the manuscript
- Agreeing on the final version of the manuscript and the journal which it will be submitted
- Taking responsibility and accountability of the content of the article

Outside the above-mentioned authorship criteria, any other form of specific contribution should be stated in the Acknowledgement section.

If an article is written by more than one person, one of the co-authors should be chosen as the corresponding author for handling all the correspondences regarding the article. Before submission, all authors should agree on the order of the authors and provide their current affiliations and contact details. Corresponding author is responsible for ensuring the correctness of these information.

Conflict of Interest
Educational Academic Research requires and encourages the authors and the individuals involved in the evaluation process of submitted manuscripts to disclose any existing or potential conflicts of interests, including financial, consultant, and institutional, that might lead to potential bias or a conflict of interest. Any financial grants or other support received for a submitted study from individuals or institutions should be disclosed to the Editorial Board. Cases of a potential conflict of interest of the editors, authors, or reviewers are resolved by the journal’s Editorial Board within the scope of COPE guidelines.
The Editorial Board of the journal handles all appeal and complaint cases within the scope of COPE guidelines. In such cases, authors should get in direct contact with the editorial office regarding their appeals and complaints. When needed, an ombudsperson may be assigned to resolve cases that cannot be resolved internally. The Editor in Chief is the final authority in the decision-making process for all appeals and complaints.

Disclaimer
Statements or opinions expressed in the manuscripts published in Educational Academic Research reflect the views of the author(s) and not the opinions of the editors, the editorial board, or the publisher; the editors, the editorial board, and the publisher disclaim any responsibility or liability for such materials. The final responsibility in regard to the published content rests with the authors.

Educational Academic Research is an open access publication and the journal’s publication model is based on Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) declaration. Journal’s archive is available online, free of charge at https://education-ataunipress.org/. Authors retain the copyright of their published work in the Educational Academic Research. The journal's content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License which permits third parties to share and adapt the content for non-commerical purposes by giving the apropriate credit to the original work.