avatar
Ali Rıza Sandalcılar Prof. Dr. RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ
Publication 31 Review 45 CrossRef Cited 41 TR Dizin Cited 82
31 Publication
45 Review
41 CrossRef Cited
82 TR Dizin Cited
0000-0002-9185-6968

Research Fields

Economic Integration International Economic Foundation Foreign Trade Foreign Trade Policy International Economics (Other)

Institution

RECEP TAYYİP ERDOĞAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ

Popular Publications

Does Unemployment Effect Separations? Regional Panel Causality
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2012 , Ege Academic Review
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 2 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1877

0

2

1877

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EXPROPRIATION IN RİZE / Rize’de Kamulaştırmada Karşılaşılan Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Hukuki Sorunlar
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Fatima Kandemir Ergün , Hasan Örücü , Tolgahan Şafak, Süleyman Kandemir
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.339994
CITED 1 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1983

1

1

1983

The Effects of Tourism on Regional Development: Rize Ayder Tourism Region Example
Authors: Recep Ali Çakır , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2018 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2939

0

1

2939

Publications

The Role of Institutional Quality and Institutional Distance on Türkiye’s Trade with the Organization of Turkic States Countries
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2026 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1825471
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 174

0

174

Investigating the Link Between Trade Openness and Environmental Degradation: The Case of the Organization of Turkic States
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Mustafa Yapar , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2025 , Journal of Economic Policy Researches
DOI: 10.26650/JEPR1706447
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 245

0

245

Panel Causality Analysis of the Relationship among the Rule of Law, Technological Advances, Competitiveness, and Value-Added
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2024 , Istanbul Journal of Economics
DOI: 10.26650/ISTJECON2023-1298039
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 422

0

422

Analysis of Competitiveness Between Azerbaijan and Türkiye According to Revealed Comparative Advantages
Authors: Atif Alaskarov , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2023 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1403140
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1852

0

1852

Competitiveness of Turkey Among Member States of the Organization of Turkic States / Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Üye Ülkeleri Arasında Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan
Published: 2023 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.1153508
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1372

0

1372

Türkiye’nin Almanya İle Dış Ticaretinde Rekabet Gücü: AKÜ Endeksi Analizi
Authors: Ersoy Cihan , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 ,
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 978

0

978

The Effect of Energy Consumption On Income and Net Savings: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Mehmet Utku Güney, Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1190797
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 544

0

544

The Effects Of Free Trade Agreements On Turkey's Foreıgn Trade: An Investıgatıon Wıth The Gravıty Model
Authors: Kezban Ayran Cihan , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 , International Journal of Economics and Innovation
DOI: 10.20979/ueyd.1075275
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1698

0

1698

TIP VE ECZACILIK ÜRÜNLERİ DIŞ TİCARET DENGESİ İLE CARİ İŞLEMLER DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ UZUN DÖNEM İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Ayşe Betül Kansız , Vildan Aygün Alıcı , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1115294
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 672

0

672

DETERMINANTS OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN TRADE WITH N11 COUNTRIES: THE GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH / Türkiye’nin N11 Ülkeleriyle Olan Dış Ticaretinin Belirleyicileri: Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan , Yusuf Çolak
Published: 2022 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.1078923
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1117

0

1117

The Effect of Foreign Trade Policy on Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 4955

0

4955

RECAI ÜLKELERİNDE EKONOMİK İSTİKRAR VE ENERJİ TÜKETİMİ İLİŞKİSİ: BOOTSTRAP PANEL NEDENSELLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: Tunahan Hacıimamoğlu , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.930927
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1006

0

1006

SERBEST TİCARET ANLAŞMALARININ TÜRK DIŞ TİCARETİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Kezban Ayran Cihan , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.987316
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1600

0

1600

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS ACCOUNT: A TURKEY CASE
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.934498
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2191

0

2191

Determinants of Virtual Currency Values in Turkey: An Application on Bitcoin
Authors: Yusuf Çolak , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2019 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.663920
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1808

0

1808

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND CREDIT RATINGS OF FRAGILE 8
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Ali Altıner , Yusuf Çolak
Published: 2019 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.542290
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1659

0

1659

THE ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, IMPORT AND ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION ON EXPORT IN TURKEY
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan
Published: 2019 , Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1502

0

1502

The Effects of Tourism on Regional Development: Rize Ayder Tourism Region Example
Authors: Recep Ali Çakır , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2018 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2939

1

2939

Preferred Payment Methods in Foreign Trade Transactions: An Application on Eastern Black Sea Region
Authors: Afife Öztürk, Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2018 , Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 13972

0

13972

THE SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE BETWEEN TURKEY AND GEORGIA
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan
Published: 2018 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.454036
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3429

0

3429

The Effects Of Banking Sector On Sustainable Development In Turkey
Authors: Fikret Yetkin , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2018 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1993

0

1993

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EXPROPRIATION IN RİZE / Rize’de Kamulaştırmada Karşılaşılan Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Hukuki Sorunlar
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Fatima Kandemir Ergün , Hasan Örücü , Tolgahan Şafak, Süleyman Kandemir
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.339994
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1983

1

1983

AN EVALUATION ON TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP (TTIP) / Transatlantik Ticaret Ve Yatırım Ortaklığı (TTIP) Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Eda Palyoş
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.330641
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2882

0

2882

FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS, EXPORT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCES FROM SELECTED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Önder Dilek
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.286749
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2004

0

2004

A Causality Analysis of Relationship among Agricultural Export, Non-Agricultural Export and Economic Growth for Turkey
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2012 , Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 468

0

468

ÖZGÜRLÜKLER VE EKONOMİK KALKINMA: LATİN AMERİKA VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: İlkay Noyan Yalman, Ali Sandalcılar , Ferhan Demirkoparan
Published: 2012 , Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 5004

0

5004

TÜRKİYE’NİN BIRIC ÜLKELERİYLE TİCARİ POTANSİYELİ:PANEL ÇEKİM MODELİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2012 , Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1401

0

1401

Türkiye’de Dış Ticaretteki Serbestleşmenin İşgücü Piyasaları Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , İlkay Noyan Yalman
Published: 2012 , Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 5877

0

5877

Does Unemployment Effect Separations? Regional Panel Causality
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2012 , Ege Academic Review
DOI: -
FAVORITE 2 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1877

2

1877

BRIC Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Büyüme ve İhracat Arasındaki İlişki: Panel Eşbütünleşme ve Panel Nedensellik
Authors:   Yrd.Doç.Dr. Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2012 , Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3480

0

3480

TÜRKİYE-SURİYE DIŞ TİCARETİNİN SEKTÖREL ANALİZİ
Authors: Ali Sandalcılar
Published: 2011 , Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2697

0

2697

Articles published in
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Ege Academic Review
Ege Academic Review
Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies
Global Journal of Economics and Business Studies
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
Istanbul Journal of Economics
Istanbul Journal of Economics
Journal of Economic Policy Researches
Journal of Economic Policy Researches
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Eskişehir Osmangazi University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar
Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar
International Journal of Economics and Innovation
International Journal of Economics and Innovation
Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi
Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi
Editorship
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
Section Editor
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
Editor
Editorial Board Memberships
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability
Journal of Economics, Finance and Sustainability

Reviews

Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Academic Review of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences
Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences
Al-Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences
Al-Farabi International Journal of Social Sciences
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi
Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute
Bingöl University Journal of Social Sciences Institute
EKEV Akademi Dergisi
EKEV Akademi Dergisi
Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Erciyes University Journal of Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Hacettepe University Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences
Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi
Hak İş Uluslararası Emek ve Toplum Dergisi
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
International Journal of Economics and Innovation
International Journal of Economics and Innovation
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
Journal of Economics Business and Political Researches
Journal of Economics Business and Political Researches
Journal of Economics Public Finance Business
Journal of Economics Public Finance Business
Journal of Research in Economics Politics and Finance
Journal of Research in Economics Politics and Finance
Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University
Journal of Social Sciences of Mus Alparslan University
Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches
Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches
KADEM Journal of Women's Studies
KADEM Journal of Women's Studies
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Kayseri University Journal of Social Sciences
Kayseri University Journal of Social Sciences
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
Sosyoekonomi
Sosyoekonomi
The Journal of Social Sciences Research
The Journal of Social Sciences Research
Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları
Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları
Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi
Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi

Publications

Analysis of Competitiveness Between Azerbaijan and Türkiye According to Revealed Comparative Advantages
Authors: Atif Alaskarov , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2023 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1403140
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1852

2

0

1852

Competitiveness of Turkey Among Member States of the Organization of Turkic States / Türk Devletleri Teşkilatı Üye Ülkeleri Arasında Türkiye’nin Rekabet Gücü
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan
Published: 2023 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.1153508
CITED 6 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1372

6

0

1372

The Effects Of Free Trade Agreements On Turkey's Foreıgn Trade: An Investıgatıon Wıth The Gravıty Model
Authors: Kezban Ayran Cihan , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 , International Journal of Economics and Innovation
DOI: 10.20979/ueyd.1075275
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1698

2

0

1698

TIP VE ECZACILIK ÜRÜNLERİ DIŞ TİCARET DENGESİ İLE CARİ İŞLEMLER DENGESİ ARASINDAKİ UZUN DÖNEM İLİŞKİSİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Ayşe Betül Kansız , Vildan Aygün Alıcı , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2022 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.1115294
CITED 1 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 672

1

0

672

DETERMINANTS OF TURKEY'S FOREIGN TRADE WITH N11 COUNTRIES: THE GRAVITY MODEL APPROACH / Türkiye’nin N11 Ülkeleriyle Olan Dış Ticaretinin Belirleyicileri: Çekim Modeli Yaklaşımı
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan , Yusuf Çolak
Published: 2022 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.1078923
CITED 4 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1117

4

0

1117

SERBEST TİCARET ANLAŞMALARININ TÜRK DIŞ TİCARETİNE ETKİLERİ
Authors: Kezban Ayran Cihan , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.987316
CITED 4 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1600

4

0

1600

THE ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF NET ERRORS AND OMISSIONS ACCOUNT: A TURKEY CASE
Authors: Doğan Keşap , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2021 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.934498
CITED 3 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2191

3

0

2191

Determinants of Virtual Currency Values in Turkey: An Application on Bitcoin
Authors: Yusuf Çolak , Ali Rıza Sandalcılar
Published: 2019 , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University Journal of Social Sciences
DOI: 10.34086/rteusbe.663920
CITED 8 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1808

8

0

1808

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AND CREDIT RATINGS OF FRAGILE 8
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Ali Altıner , Yusuf Çolak
Published: 2019 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.542290
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1659

2

0

1659

THE SECTORAL ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN TRADE BETWEEN TURKEY AND GEORGIA
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Kezban Ayran Cihan
Published: 2018 , International Journal of Economics and Administrative Studies
DOI: 10.18092/ulikidince.454036
CITED 5 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3429

5

0

3429

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND LEGAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EXPROPRIATION IN RİZE / Rize’de Kamulaştırmada Karşılaşılan Sosyo-Ekonomik Ve Hukuki Sorunlar
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Fatima Kandemir Ergün , Hasan Örücü , Tolgahan Şafak, Süleyman Kandemir
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.339994
CITED 1 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1983

1

1

1983

AN EVALUATION ON TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP (TTIP) / Transatlantik Ticaret Ve Yatırım Ortaklığı (TTIP) Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: Ali Rıza Sandalcılar , Eda Palyoş
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Economics Business and Politics
DOI: 10.29216/ueip.330641
CITED 3 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2882

3

0

2882

Popular Publications: It is determined automatically by the researchers doing research in DergiPark according to the statistics of being added to the favorites. CrossRef Cited: The citations shown in DergiPark are drawn from CrossRef. For this, the cited and cited articles must be registered in CrossRef (DOI number). ^: Citation numbers are reflected in the system by DergiPark at certain periods. : Click to get information about the DergiPark User Badge.