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Ali Ayten Prof. Dr. Marmara Üniversitesi
Publication 34 Review 49 CrossRef Cited 109 TR Dizin Cited 257
34 Publication
49 Review
109 CrossRef Cited
257 TR Dizin Cited
0000-0002-2787-2429
55497701000

Research Fields

Psychology of Religion Religion, Society and Culture Studies Religious Studies (Other)

Institution

Marmara Üniversitesi

Popular Publications

A Qualitative Study on the Reasons Behind Seeking Unscientific Help Among Individuals with Psychological Disorders
Authors: Nida Özdemir , Ali Ayten
Published: 2026 , The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
DOI: 10.53683/gifad.1773462
CITED 0 FAVORITE 2 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1224

0

2

1224

The Relations of Religious Coping, Gratitude and Life Satisfation: A Case Study on Patients, Patient Relatives and Hospital Staff
Authors: Ali Ayten , Gülüşan Göcen - Kenan Sevinç - Eyüp Ensa Öztürk
Published: 2012 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 11952

0

1

11952

Death Anxiety among University Students: A Comparison Study on Turkish and Jordanian Students
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2009 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 6799

0

1

6799

Din Psikolojisi
Authors: Robert Emmons, RAYMOND Paloutzıan, ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 29984

0

1

29984

Kendini Gerçekleştirme ve Dindarlık: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
CITED 0 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3607

0

1

3607

Publications

Cyberspirituality: A New Form of Spiritual Practice and Existential Presence in the Digital Realm
Authors: Sebiha Yıldız , Ali Ayten
Published: 2026 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/is.1647299
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 538

1

538

A Qualitative Study on the Reasons Behind Seeking Unscientific Help Among Individuals with Psychological Disorders
Authors: Nida Özdemir , Ali Ayten
Published: 2026 , The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
DOI: 10.53683/gifad.1773462
FAVORITE 2 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1224

2

1224

Measuring Spiritual Bypass: Development and Validation of a Psychometric Scale for Assessing Spiritual Bypass
Authors: Şule Çiçek , Ali Ayten
Published: 2025 , Rize İlahiyat Dergisi
DOI: 10.32950/rid.1717925
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1120

0

1120

Exploring the Nexus Between Religiosity and Environmental Behaviors including Waste Management and Active Environmentalism: Empirical Findings from Turkish and Jordanian Muslim Samples
Authors: Ali Ayten , Hamza Ferhan , Amjad Mahmud Hussain
Published: 2024 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.1483106
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 769

1

769

Testing the Mediating and Moderating Factors of the Link Between Religiosity and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Quantitative Study of Turkish Muslims
Authors: Ali Ayten , Muhammet Numan Sağırlı , Derya Eren Cengiz , Ömer Faruk Cengiz , Muhammed Turan Çalışkan
Published: 2024 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/is.1390131
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1425

0

1425

What is the Role of Religiosity on Political Decision-Making Styles? A Quantitative Study on Adults
Authors: Doğan Bekir Dökücü , Ali Ayten
Published: 2024 , Eskiyeni
DOI: 10.37697/eskiyeni.1412293
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1862

0

1862

Religiosity, Economic Status, Environmental Concern, and Perceived Behavioral Effectiveness as Predictors of Buying Environmentally Friendly Products: A Quantitative Study of Turkish Muslims
Authors: Şule Çiçek , Ali Ayten
Published: 2023 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/is.1259113
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 927

0

927

Examining General Self-Efficacy as a Mediator on the Relationship Between Smoking Urge and Religiosity: A Quantitative Study on High School Students
Authors: Ali Ayten , Ömer Faruk Güven
Published: 2023 , Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
DOI: 10.5152/ilted.2023.23282
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1858

1

1858

A Qualitative Study on the Spiritual Growth After Trauma Among Hemodialysis Patients Abstract
Authors: Ali Ayten , Nur Cesur
Published: 2022 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.1030537
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2382

1

2382

Testing the Mediating Role of Existential Meaning on the Link between Religiosity and Satisfaction with Life: A Study on Turkish Muslim University Students
Authors: Muhammet Enes Vural , Ali Ayten
Published: 2022 , The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
DOI: 10.53683/gifad.1030792
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1652

0

1652

Individual Religiosity, Spirituality, Humility and Anxiety as Predictors of Athlete’s Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ali Ayten , Rahime Eymen Bakır
Published: 2021 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.920575
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2370

0

2370

The Mediating Role of Meaninglessness in the Relationship Between Religiosity and Depression
Authors: Muhammet Enes Vural , Ali Ayten
Published: 2021 , Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
DOI: 10.29288/ilted.890131
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3146

1

3146

Religiosity, Spirituality, Forgiveness, Religious Coping as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Generalized Anxiety: A Quantitative Study on Turkish Muslim University Students
Authors: Ali Ayten , Sema Karagöz
Published: 2021 , Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
DOI: 10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.130
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2457

0

2457

THE LINKS BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON MENTAL HEALTH DISEASES, RELIGIOSITY AND STIGMATISATION: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Ali Ayten , Fatma Hardal
Published: 2020 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.739660
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2183

0

2183

Formation and Consequences of the Conversion Process: A Qualitative Study of Adult Converts
Authors: Ali Ayten , Hatice Kılınçer , Neriman Ulu , Nihal İşbilen Esendir , Hafize Albayrak
Published: 2019 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/13091719.2019.102.194
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1289

0

1289

The Relationship between Religiosity, Environmental Orientation and Environmental Behaviors: An Empirical Study with Turkish and British Muslim Samples
Authors: Ali Ayten , Amjad Hussaın
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: 10.15370/maruifd.405066
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2320

0

2320

The RelationshIp between helping behaviors, religiosity and lIfe satisfaction. A case study on Turkish Muslims
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2017 , The Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1870

0

1870

Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ali Ayten , Zeynep Sağır
Published: 2015 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 8981

1

8981

Dini Yönelim Boyutlarının Kişiliğin Beş Boyutu ile İlişkisi (Amprik Bir Araştırma)
Authors: Abdullah Salih Er-ruveyte, Abdullah Er-ruveyte, Ali Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1990

0

1990

Affedicilik ve Din: Affetme Eğilimi ve Dindarlıkla İli§kisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir Ara§tırma
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 7071

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7071

Din Psikolojisinde Tarihsel-Kültürel Yaklaşım: Disiplinlerarası Araştırmalar İçin Bakış Açıları
Authors: JACOB Belzen, ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2701

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2701

Karikatür Krizi Bağlamında Yerel-Evrensel Tutumlar ve Dindarlık
Authors: VEYSEL Uysal, ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1648

0

1648

Kendini Gerçekleştirme ve Dindarlık: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3607

1

3607

Dinî Yönelim, Olgun İman ve Psikolojik Rahatsızlıklar: Negatif ve Pozitif İlişkiler
Authors: John Salsman, Charles Carlson, Ali Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3496

0

3496

Din Psikolojisi
Authors: Robert Emmons, RAYMOND Paloutzıan, ALİ Ayten
Published: 2014 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 29984

1

29984

Religion and Health: A Study on the relationship between Individual Religiosity, Health Behaviour and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2013 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 10554

0

10554

A Comparative Study on Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ali Ayten , Feim Gashi
Published: 2012 , Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2

0

2

Kimlik ve Din: İngiltere’deki Türk Gençleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2012 , Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD)
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 5052

0

5052

Studies of Islamic Psychology and Religious Psychology in the Arab Countries
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2012 , Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD)
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 5770

1

5770

The Relations of Religious Coping, Gratitude and Life Satisfation: A Case Study on Patients, Patient Relatives and Hospital Staff
Authors: Ali Ayten , Gülüşan Göcen - Kenan Sevinç - Eyüp Ensa Öztürk
Published: 2012 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 11952

1

11952

Possession or Custodianship: An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Environmental Orientation, Environmental Behaviours and Religiosity.
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2010 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3153

0

3153

A Psycho-Sociological Analysis of Superstitious Beliefs and Rituals
Authors: Ali Ayten , Ali Köse
Published: 2009 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 65460

0

65460

Death Anxiety among University Students: A Comparison Study on Turkish and Jordanian Students
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2009 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: -
FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 6799

1

6799

Yaşayan Kur’ân Hazreti Peygamber
Authors: Ali Ayten
Published: 2003 , Journal of Hadith Studies
DOI: -
FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 888

0

888

Articles published in
Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi
Balkan Araştırmaları Dergisi
Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD)
Çukurova Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (ÇÜİFD)
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Eskiyeni
Eskiyeni
Ilahiyat Studies
Ilahiyat Studies
International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
Journal of Hadith Studies
Journal of Hadith Studies
Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
Rize İlahiyat Dergisi
Rize İlahiyat Dergisi
Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
The Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center
The Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center
Editorship
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Section Editor , Copyeditor
Editorial Board Memberships
Artuklu Akademi
Artuklu Akademi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Journal of Values Education
Journal of Values Education
Tasavvur / Tekirdag Theology Journal
Tasavvur / Tekirdag Theology Journal
Türk Din Psikolojisi Dergisi
Türk Din Psikolojisi Dergisi
Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi
Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi

Reviews

Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İslami İlimler Fakültesi Dergisi
Artuklu Akademi
Artuklu Akademi
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Bingöl Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Bozok University Journal of Faculty of Theology
Bozok University Journal of Faculty of Theology
Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi
Cumhuriyet İlahiyat Dergisi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
Dini Araştırmalar (Religious Studies)
Dini Araştırmalar (Religious Studies)
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Diyanet İlmi Dergi
Eskiyeni
Eskiyeni
Hitit Theology Journal
Hitit Theology Journal
İhya International of Islamic Studies
İhya International of Islamic Studies
Ilahiyat Studies
Ilahiyat Studies
International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology
Journal of Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Theology
Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology
Journal of Sakarya University Faculty of Theology
Journal of the Faculty of Divinity of Ankara University
Journal of the Faculty of Divinity of Ankara University
Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches
Journal of the Human and Social Science Researches
Journal of Values Education
Journal of Values Education
Kader
Kader
Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi
Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi
Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Kilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi
Kitabiyat İlahiyat Araştırmaları İnceleme-Eleştiri Dergisi
Kitabiyat İlahiyat Araştırmaları İnceleme-Eleştiri Dergisi
Marife Turkish Journal of Religious Studies
Marife Turkish Journal of Religious Studies
ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research
ODU Journal of Social Sciences Research
Rize İlahiyat Dergisi
Rize İlahiyat Dergisi
Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
Theological Academia
Theological Academia
Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi
Tokat İlmiyat Dergisi
Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies
Turkish Journal of Religious Education Studies
Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi
Türk Manevi Danışmanlık ve Rehberlik Dergisi

Publications

Exploring the Nexus Between Religiosity and Environmental Behaviors including Waste Management and Active Environmentalism: Empirical Findings from Turkish and Jordanian Muslim Samples
Authors: Ali Ayten , Hamza Ferhan , Amjad Mahmud Hussain
Published: 2024 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.1483106
CITED 2 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 769

2

1

769

Testing the Mediating and Moderating Factors of the Link Between Religiosity and Vaccine Hesitancy: A Quantitative Study of Turkish Muslims
Authors: Ali Ayten , Muhammet Numan Sağırlı , Derya Eren Cengiz , Ömer Faruk Cengiz , Muhammed Turan Çalışkan
Published: 2024 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/is.1390131
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1425

2

0

1425

What is the Role of Religiosity on Political Decision-Making Styles? A Quantitative Study on Adults
Authors: Doğan Bekir Dökücü , Ali Ayten
Published: 2024 , Eskiyeni
DOI: 10.37697/eskiyeni.1412293
CITED 1 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1862

1

0

1862

Religiosity, Economic Status, Environmental Concern, and Perceived Behavioral Effectiveness as Predictors of Buying Environmentally Friendly Products: A Quantitative Study of Turkish Muslims
Authors: Şule Çiçek , Ali Ayten
Published: 2023 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/is.1259113
CITED 1 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 927

1

0

927

Examining General Self-Efficacy as a Mediator on the Relationship Between Smoking Urge and Religiosity: A Quantitative Study on High School Students
Authors: Ali Ayten , Ömer Faruk Güven
Published: 2023 , Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
DOI: 10.5152/ilted.2023.23282
CITED 5 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1858

5

1

1858

A Qualitative Study on the Spiritual Growth After Trauma Among Hemodialysis Patients Abstract
Authors: Ali Ayten , Nur Cesur
Published: 2022 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.1030537
CITED 2 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2382

2

1

2382

Testing the Mediating Role of Existential Meaning on the Link between Religiosity and Satisfaction with Life: A Study on Turkish Muslim University Students
Authors: Muhammet Enes Vural , Ali Ayten
Published: 2022 , The Journal of Gumushane University Faculty of Divinity
DOI: 10.53683/gifad.1030792
CITED 3 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1652

3

0

1652

Individual Religiosity, Spirituality, Humility and Anxiety as Predictors of Athlete’s Life Satisfaction
Authors: Ali Ayten , Rahime Eymen Bakır
Published: 2021 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.920575
CITED 5 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2370

5

0

2370

The Mediating Role of Meaninglessness in the Relationship Between Religiosity and Depression
Authors: Muhammet Enes Vural , Ali Ayten
Published: 2021 , Journal of Ilahiyat Researches
DOI: 10.29288/ilted.890131
CITED 10 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 3146

10

1

3146

Religiosity, Spirituality, Forgiveness, Religious Coping as Predictors of Life Satisfaction and Generalized Anxiety: A Quantitative Study on Turkish Muslim University Students
Authors: Ali Ayten , Sema Karagöz
Published: 2021 , Spiritual Psychology and Counseling
DOI: 10.37898/spc.2021.6.1.130
CITED 11 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2457

11

0

2457

THE LINKS BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ON MENTAL HEALTH DISEASES, RELIGIOSITY AND STIGMATISATION: A QUANTITATIVE STUDY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
Authors: Ali Ayten , Fatma Hardal
Published: 2020 , Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi
DOI: 10.33415/daad.739660
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2183

2

0

2183

Formation and Consequences of the Conversion Process: A Qualitative Study of Adult Converts
Authors: Ali Ayten , Hatice Kılınçer , Neriman Ulu , Nihal İşbilen Esendir , Hafize Albayrak
Published: 2019 , Ilahiyat Studies
DOI: 10.12730/13091719.2019.102.194
CITED 2 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 1289

2

0

1289

The Relationship between Religiosity, Environmental Orientation and Environmental Behaviors: An Empirical Study with Turkish and British Muslim Samples
Authors: Ali Ayten , Amjad Hussaın
Published: 2017 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: 10.15370/maruifd.405066
CITED 8 FAVORITE 0 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 2320

8

0

2320

Dindarlık, Dinî Başa Çıkma ve Depresyon İlişkisi: Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Ali Ayten , Zeynep Sağır
Published: 2015 , International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
DOI: -
CITED 55 FAVORITE 1 TOTAL DOWNLOAD COUNT 8981

55

1

8981

Popular Publications: It is determined automatically by the researchers doing research in DergiPark according to the statistics of being added to the favorites. CrossRef Cited: The citations shown in DergiPark are drawn from CrossRef. For this, the cited and cited articles must be registered in CrossRef (DOI number). ^: Citation numbers are reflected in the system by DergiPark at certain periods. : Click to get information about the DergiPark User Badge.